Florida History Review

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary and concepts in Florida history.

Ordinance of Secession (Florida)

Adopted on January 10, 1861, by Florida's General Assembly, leading to Florida seceding from the United States.

Fort Pickens

Located near Pensacola, it was occupied by Union troops and served as their headquarters in Florida during the Civil War.

Robert E. Lee's Strategy in Florida

Aimed to preserve the interior of Florida as a source of agricultural produce and cattle for the Confederacy.

Battle of Olustee

In 1864, Confederate troops led by General Joseph Finnegan defeated Union soldiers, marking a significant Confederate victory in Florida.

Florida's Economy after the Civil War

Shifted from growing cotton to various occupations, including citrus fruits, winter vegetables, cattle raising, timber, and tourism.

African Americans in Florida's Reconstruction Government

Played an active role, with 19 of 53 members elected to the state legislature in 1868 being African Americans.

Josiah T. Walls

A former slave and Union veteran, he was the first black Floridian elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, serving three terms.

"Jim Crow" laws in Florida

Enacted by Southern Democrats after regaining control of Florida's government in 1877, mirroring other Southern states.

Debt Peonage in Florida's Pine Forests

A system developed at the end of Reconstruction, lasting until the 1940s, trapping African Americans in turpentine camps due to debt.

Henry Morrison Flagler

Partner of John D. Rockefeller in Standard Oil, who significantly developed Florida through hotels, railroads, real estate, and shipping.

Flagler's Contribution to Miami

Built luxury hotels and extended railroads to Miami, earning him the unofficial title of the "Father of Miami."

Florida East Coast Railroad

Formed by Flagler merging smaller railroads, connecting Jacksonville to Miami, and eventually to Key West.

William Sherman Jennings

Governor of Florida from 1901 to 1905, he reclaimed land from railroad barons and increased the power of the Florida Railroad Commission.

May Mann Jennings

Pivotal figure in promoting women's suffrage, child labor laws, public education, and better treatment of Seminole Indians.

Napoleon Bonaparte Broward

Governor from 1905 to 1909, advocated conservation of forests, fish, and game, and supported social welfare programs; known as the "Broward Era".

Vicente Martinez Ybor

Moved his cigar-making operations to Ybor City in Tampa in the 1880s due to a tariff on cigars but not on tobacco.

Tampa as a Port of Embarkation

Chosen due to Plant's influence and existing infrastructure, becoming a major base for U.S. forces intended for an invasion of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

Sidney J. Catts

Governor of Florida elected in 1916, campaigned against alcoholic drinks and Catholics, and encouraged anti-German sentiment during WWI.

Florida's Contribution to WWI

Provided food, timber, and shipyards, along with training facilities for troops, and saw over 42,000 Floridians serving in the military.

Florida's First Highway Department

Established in 1915, leading to the construction of concrete highways and the Tamiami Trail.

Miami Beach Land Boom

Real estate speculation led to a land boom in the early 1920s, with land prices skyrocketing until a series of disasters led to a bust.

Rosewood Massacre

In January 1923, a white mob destroyed the African-American community of Rosewood, resulting in deaths and the displacement of residents, later acknowledged and compensated by the state.

Florida During the Great Depression

Began even before the stock market crash, with bank failures, unemployment, and desperate migrants arriving, leading to the legalization of gambling and new banking regulations.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in Florida

Employed 50,000 young men between 1930 and 1939, planting trees and rebuilding infrastructure, forming the basis of the Florida state park system.

Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Florida

Employed 40,000 Floridians, constructing public buildings, bridges, roads, hospitals, and schools.

Alfred Du Pont's Contribution to Florida

Helped restore Florida's banking system, bought forestland, and launched the paper industry.

Ernest Hemingway in Florida

Purchased a house in Key West in 1935 and set his novel To Have and Have Not in Florida.

German U-boat attacks

After war was declared, German U-boats began attacking ships in Florida's harbors and along its coasts.

Florida's Role in WWII Training

Played a vital role, hosting 172 military training centers and training over 2 million Americans.

Economic Impact of WWII on Florida

Federal government spent over $98 billion, buying hotels and renting rooms for troops, increasing agricultural production, and attracting civilian workers.

CIA Training in Florida

Following the Socialist government takeover of Guatemala, the American CIA began secretly training exiles in Florida to overthrow it.

Cuban Refugees in Florida

Following Castro's Communist dictatorship, they led to a stream of refugees to the United States.

Space Industry in Florida

The U.S Air Force acquired Cape Canaveral, and in 1950, it began testing missiles there.

James Weldon Johnson

An NAACP leader who wrote the poem, "Lift Every Voice and Sing."

Zora Neale Hurston

An African-American author who grew up in Eatonville, Florida, and became active in the Harlem Renaissance.

A Philip Randolph

Successfully led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and challenged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to end racial discrimination in government contractors.

Harry T. Moore

An African-American teacher and school principal who registered voters, founded the Brevard chapter of the NAACP, helped organize the Florida NAACP, and filed a series of lawsuits for civil rights.

LeRoy Collins

Florida Governor who managed to integrate the state's schools peacefully.

Tallahassee Bus Boycott

In May 1956-at the same time as the Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama-two African American female students refused to give up their seats at the front of the bus in Tallahassee.

Space Program Effect on Population

Brought thousands of scientists to Florida, especially in the central region, turning Florida into the "Space Coast."

The elderly in Florida

They form a very active political group, often represented by the AARP (American Association of Retired Persons). A higher percentage of the elderly vote than members of other age groups.

Tourism is Florida's:

Florida's largest industry. In addition to the state's mild winter climate, luxurious sand beaches, luxury hotels, Everglades National Park and Space Coast, the Walt Disney Company opened its Magic Kingdom theme park in Florida in 1971.

Florida immigration today:

Much of Florida's recent increase in population has been due to immigration from Cuba and other Caribbean nations.