animal cell + plant cell structures and functions

flagellum

motility structure present in animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubules

centrosome

small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules

cytoskeleton

reinforces the cell's shape functions in cell movememtn, and is made of protein and includes microfilaments etc

microvilli

projections which increase the cells surface area

peroxisome

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions and produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product then convets it to water

mitochondrion

an organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most atp is generated

nuclear envelope

double membrane enclosing the nucleus- has pores and is continuous with ER

nucleolus

non membranous structure which is involved in a production of ribsomes, and a nucleus has 1+ nucloli

chromatin

material that consists of dna proteins, and is visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes

plasma membrane

membrane that encloses the cell

ribsomes

complexes which makes proteins, free in cytosol, bound to rough er or nuclear envolope

golgi apparatus

an organelle active in synthesis, modifies, sorts, and secretes the cells protein

cell wall

prominent organelle in plant cells and stores, breakdown waste products, hydrolyzes macromolecules, enlarges vacuole and contributes to plant growth

chloroplast

photosynthetic organelle which converts energy like sunlight to chemical energy

plasmodesmata

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adhacent cells

Shoots

Consist of stems. and leaves

Spongy Layer

the squishy middle layer inside the leaf

photosynthesis

synthesis of compounds with the aid of energy from the sun

cellular respiration

series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

atp

power the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions.