UNIT 7 ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

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34 Terms

1

Air Pollution

The introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at harmful concentrations.

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2

Primary Pollutants

Pollutants that come directly out of a smokestack, exhaust pipe, or natural source.

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3

Secondary Pollutants

Pollutants that have undergone transformation in the presence of sunlight, water, oxygen, or other compounds.

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4

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Primary sources include mobile cars and stationary fossil fuel combustion; it is an ozone precursor.

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5

Ozone (O3)

A highly reactive gas that is a major component of photochemical smog; harmful to respiratory health.

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6

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

A corrosive gas from burning coal and oil, contributing to acid rain formation.

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7

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A common emission from vehicle exhaust that can significantly contribute to air pollution.

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8

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels; its levels have been steadily increasing.

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9

Particulate Matter (PM)

Solid particles and liquid droplets small enough to remain suspended in air.

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10

Anthropogenic Emissions

Emissions from human activities that are monitored and regulated by the EPA.

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11

Clean Air Act

Legislation that requires the EPA to establish standards to control harmful pollutants.

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12

Indoor Air Pollution

Pollutants present indoors that pose significant health risks.

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13

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)

A condition where occupants of a building experience acute health effects linked to time spent in that building.

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14

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Organic chemicals that evaporate at room temperature, contributing to indoor air pollution.

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15

Radon

A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can lead to lung cancer upon exposure.

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16

Smog

A type of air pollution that can be sulfurous or photochemical, affecting urban areas.

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17

Thermal Inversion

A weather event where a warm layer of air traps pollutants in cooler air below.

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18

Acid Rain

Rainwater with a pH of less than 5.6, caused by acid deposition from pollutants.

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19

Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid

Secondary pollutants formed from nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

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20

Harmful Effects of Acid Deposition

Includes lowering lake water pH, reducing species diversity, and damaging structures.

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21

Clean Coal Technology

A method aimed at reducing the environmental impact of coal energy generation.

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22

Catalytic Converter

An air pollution control device that converts harmful engine pollutants into less harmful substances.

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23

Wet Scrubber

A device that removes particles from exhaust streams using water droplets.

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24

Electrostatic Precipitator

An air pollution control device that can remove up to 99% of particulate matter.

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25

Outdoor Air Pollution Sources

May include natural sources like dust and anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions.

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26

Environmental Solutions for Air Pollution

Include using renewable energy, reducing vehicle use, and promoting public transport.

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27

Ozone as an Ozone Precursor

Nitrogen oxides are involved in the formation of ground-level ozone.

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28

Lead as an Air Pollutant

A neurotoxin found in gasoline additives, old paint, and coal; does not break down in the environment.

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29

Fine Particulate Matter (PM10)

Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers.

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30

Ultrafine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers.

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31

Photochemical Smog

Produced when NOx and VOCs react with heat and sunlight, leading to high ozone levels.

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32

Sulfurous Smog

Smog primarily made up of sulfur dioxide from burning oil and coal.

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33

Noise Pollution

Sound at levels that can cause physiological stress and hearing loss.

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34

Success in Pollution Control

Focus on effective strategies such as reducing emissions at the source and controlling pollutant outflows.

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