BMB 251 Exam 1

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Description and Tags

Cell organelles and functional groups

Last updated 1:00 AM on 9/6/26
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40 Terms

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Nucleus

Eukaryotic cells only

Stores genetic material

Four lipid layers/double membrane bound

Has pores that control what comes in and out of the organelle

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Nucleolus

Eukaryotic cells only

Makes ribosomes

dense transcription of ribosomal RNA

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Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Eukaryotic cells only

Has ribosomes on the surface

sorts proteins and folds them

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Eukaryotic cells only

No ribosomes on the surface

lipid synthesis and sometimes calcium storage.

made up of phospholipids

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Mitochondria

In all cells

makes ATP

has its own DNA that transcribes and translates. Also makes most of its own proteins

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Golgi

Eukaryotic cells only

Tags and pakages proteins

single membrane

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Lysosome

digests/”cleans up” cell

practically a lipid bubble that gobbles up trash

enzymes in it breaks everything down.

pH 2-3. enzymes denature out of it.

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Peroxisome

Removes hydrogen peroxide made by metabolism

beta-oxidation

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Centrosome

makes microtubles

makes spindle fibers necessary for cell division

targeted in chemotherapy

very important on skin cells

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Ribosome

no membrane

protein synthesis

floats on cytoplasm

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Threonine

(T) Thr

<p>(T) Thr</p>
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Glycine

(G) Gly

<p>(G) Gly</p>
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Alanine

(A) ala

<p>(A) ala</p>
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Phenylalanine

(F) Phe

<p>(F) Phe</p>
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Tyrosine

(Y) Tyr

<p>(Y) Tyr</p>
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Serine

(S) Ser

<p>(S) Ser</p>
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Cysteine

(C) Cys

<p>(C) Cys</p>
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Amino group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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Hydroxyl group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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Carbonyl group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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Carboxyl group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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Phosphate group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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sulfhydryl group

polar

<p>polar</p>
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Methyl

nonpolar

<p>nonpolar</p>
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Phenyl

Nonpolar

<p>Nonpolar</p>
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Glycosylic bond

binds monosaccharides

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condensation

water comes out of molecule and makes the molecules bind together.

<p>water comes out of molecule and makes the molecules bind together. </p>
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Hydrolysis

water is added and breaks bond

<p>water is added and breaks bond</p>
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Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates subunit

<p>Carbohydrates subunit</p>
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Monosaccharide

often in a ring structure with hydroxyl groups. Hydrophilic. Polar.

<p>often in a ring structure with hydroxyl groups. Hydrophilic. Polar.</p>
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carbohydrate function

Macromolecule

energy

cell-cell recognition

helps build structures

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Lipids

Not a polymer. long hydro-carbon chains with carboxylic acid head

<p>Not a polymer. long hydro-carbon chains with carboxylic acid head</p>
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Fatty acids

subunits of lipids

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Phospholipid

amphipathic molecules that make up the cell membrane. Lipids.

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Steroids

multiple ring structure. Lipids. not chains but nonpolar hydrocarbons

<p>multiple ring structure. Lipids. not chains but nonpolar hydrocarbons</p>
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proteins

must have COOH and Nitrogen

<p>must have COOH and Nitrogen</p>
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peptide bond

bond that binds proteins

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Amino acids

Proteins subunit. polar

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nucleotides

subunit of Nucleic acids. P + Amino group

<p>subunit of Nucleic acids. P + Amino group</p>
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Phosphodiester bond

binds nucleotides