UNIT 9 TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS

Circulatory System

A system consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

Double Circulation

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice during a complete circuit of the body, seen in mammals.

Circulatory System

A system consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

Double Circulation

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice during a complete circuit of the body, seen in mammals.

Single Circulation

A circulatory system where blood flows through the heart once during a complete circuit of the body, characteristic of fish.

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins.

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart into the arteries.

Semi-lunar Valves

Valves located in the heart and arteries that prevent the backflow of blood.

Phagocytosis

The process used by phagocytes to engulf and digest pathogens.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by lymphocytes that bind to pathogens to neutralize or destroy them.

Platelets

Cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting.

Aorta

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Coronary Arteries

Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

Atherosclerosis

A condition characterized by the build-up of plaque in the arteries, leading to cardiovascular disease.

Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow.

Angina

Chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Cardiac Arrest

A sudden loss of heart function, leading to cessation of blood circulation.

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between blood and tissues.

Lymphatic System

A network of vessels that helps collect and return tissue fluid (lymph) to the blood, and is important in immune function.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

ECG (Electrocardiogram)

A diagnostic tool that records the electrical activity of the heart to identify any irregularities.

Tachycardia

An abnormally fast heart rate.

Bradycardia

An abnormally slow heart rate.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.