Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson domestic affairs

election of 1800, 12th amendment, Inagural address, Marbury vs. Madison

Thomas Jefferson foreign affairs

Louisianna Purchase, Barbary Wars, Lewis & Clark, Cheasapeake-Leopard Affair

Election of 1800

Jefferson & Burr are the chosen republican candidates and Adams is the Federalist candidate. The republicans end up winning the election, but there is a tie between Burr and Jefferson. As such, the House of Representatives must decide whether they support Jefferson or Burr. Many of the Federalists looked towards who Hamilton endorsed as he was very influential and knowledgeable. Despite their rivalry, Hamilton supported Jefferson because Jefferson had beliefs, while Burr had none. Ultimately, Jefferson becomes president & wins the election of 18000.

12th Amendment

established a separate vote for the president & the vice president

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon for $15 million

Why was the Louisiana Purchase deemed unconstitutional?

the federalists said that Jefferson complained about Hamilton’s bank as it was directly stated in the Constitution. However, a president buying land wasn’t in the Constitiution either.

What was the federalist group who argued against the Louisiana Purchase?

Essex Junto

How did Jefferson get around the Louisiana Purchase constitution dilemma?

created a treaty with France, with the Louisiana Purchase as a clause

Lewis & Clark expedition

from 1804-1806; they followed the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains along with Sacagaqea, who joined as an interpreter & helped them cross the mountains. A main goal was to find a route to the Pacific Ocean.

Barbary Pirates War

between pirates from North Africa & the US. The tribes were attacking American ships out of religous reasons. Most of the government  preferred to bribe the Barbary pirates rather than go to war with them. Eventually, the tributes being given to the Barbary pirates totalled to so much of the US’s budget that Jefferson was fed up.  In May 1801, the US stopped paying the tribute & annual payment for protection, leading to the Pasha of Tripoli to declare war on the US. Jefferson sent the Navy & Marines to the fight without Congress’ knowledge

What were the events of the Barbary Pirates War?

the USS Philadelphia & its Crew were taken captive, the USS Constitution led the first attack on Tripoli, final battle in 1804, June 1805 - a new Pasha makes a treaty with the US & prisoners are released

Marbury vs Madision

Adams’ appointed many federal judges before his term in office was up & one of them was Marbury. Marbury had a commission to become appointed. However,  Jefferson had Madison keep the commission from being delivered. The writ of mandatis ruled that Marbury had the right to his commission.

What did Chief Marshall rule about Marbury vs. Madison?

He thought that Mabury had a right to his commission, but said that it was unconstitutional for the Supreme Court to be able to tell the President & his secretary of state to give Marbury his job; the Judicial Branch had no authority, under the Consitition, to make the Executive Branch give Marbury his commission. Marshall thought that through the Judiciary Act of 1789, the power the Supreme Court had to overpower the president was deeply unconstitional & not balanced. Rather, Marshall said the Supreme court should only have the right to judicial review.

Who created judicial review?

Chief Marshall

What is judicial review?

the power to review policies & then determine whether their actions were constitional

Embargo act

government prohibits the departure of commercial ships from its ports. It was imposed by Thomas Jefferson in 1807.  Jefferson wanted to limit foreign trade to pressure Britain & France into respecting the American rights during the Napoleonic wars. This damaged the American economy.

What region did Lewis & Clark explore?

northwest

What region did Zebulain Pike explore?

southwest

Why did Jefferson face criticism about the undeclared war with the Barbary Pirates?

he didn’t ask permission from Congress to send the Navy

What was the main city wanted from the Lousianna Purchase?

New Orleans

What happened during the Chesapeake-Leopold Affair?

the Chesapeake (US ships) was attacked by the Leopold (British ship) along the Virginia Coast. This led Jefferson to create the Embargo act as he didn’t want to declare war but wanted to remove the ships.

What did the non-intercourse act target?

no trading with England or France