MICRO EXAM

What bacterium causes anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

What is the hallmark symptom of anthrax?

Black eschar (black skin lesion)

What bacterium causes botulism?

Clostridium botulinum

What are the hallmark symptoms of botulism?

Flaccid paralysis, diplopia, ptosis, difficulty speaking and breathing

What is the treatment for botulism?

HBAT (Heptavalent Botulism Antitoxin)

What bacteria commonly cause cellulitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

What bacterium causes dental caries?

Viridans Streptococci

What bacterium causes diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

What is the hallmark symptom of diphtheria?

Gray-white pseudomembrane in the throat

How is diphtheria treated?

Penicillin or erythromycin

What vaccine prevents diphtheria?

Tdap (DTP)

Which bacteria commonly cause endocarditis?

Viridans Streptococci, Group D Strep (S. bovis), Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium causes the vomiting form of food poisoning?

Bacillus cereus

Which bacterium causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium perfringens

What is the hallmark symptom of gas gangrene?

Crepitus (gas under the skin)

Which bacterium causes post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacteria commonly cause impetigo?

Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium causes neonatal meningitis from contaminated food in pregnancy?

Listeria monocytogenes

What is the treatment for Listeria?

Ampicillin

Which bacteria commonly cause neonatal meningitis?

Group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae) and Listeria monocytogenes

Which bacterium is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

Staphylococcus aureus

What is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which bacteria commonly cause pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Group B Streptococcus

What bacterium causes pseudomembranous colitis?

Clostridium difficile

What are the hallmark symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis?

Severe watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever

How is C. difficile treated?

Stop the offending antibiotic and give metronidazole or vancomycin

What bacterium causes rheumatic fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What bacterium causes scarlet fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the hallmark symptom of scarlet fever?

Sandpaper rash

Which bacteria commonly cause sepsis?

Enterococcus, Group B Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus

What bacterium is the most common cause of septic arthritis?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium commonly infects catheters and prosthetic devices?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

What bacterium causes strep throat?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What bacterium causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

What is the hallmark symptom of tetanus?

Lockjaw (trismus)

What vaccine prevents tetanus?

Tdap

Which Gram-positive bacteria commonly cause UTIs?

Enterococcus, Group D Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus

What bacterium causes bubonic plague?

Yersinia pestis

What bacterium causes brucellosis?

Brucella

What bacterium causes cat-scratch disease?

Bartonella henselae

What bacterium causes cholera?

Vibrio cholerae

What is the hallmark symptom of cholera?

Rice-water diarrhea

What bacterium causes chlamydia?

Chlamydia trachomatis

What bacterium commonly causes dental abscesses and periodontal disease?

Bacteroides fragilis

Which bacteria commonly cause infectious diarrhea?

E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, and Campylobacter jejuni

What bacterium causes epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenzae

What bacterium causes bloody diarrhea?

Campylobacter jejuni

What bacterium causes gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone IM (± azithromycin)

What bacterium causes Legionnaires' disease?

Legionella pneumophila

What bacterium causes leptospirosis?

Leptospira interrogans

What is the severe form of leptospirosis called?

Weil disease

What bacterium causes Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the hallmark sign of Lyme disease?

Bull's-eye rash (erythema migrans)

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

Doxycycline

Which Gram-negative bacteria commonly cause meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae

What bacterium causes ophthalmia neonatorum?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What bacterium causes peptic ulcer disease?

Helicobacter pylori

Which bacteria commonly cause PID?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

What bacterium causes Pontiac fever?

Legionella pneumophila

What bacterium causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Rickettsia rickettsii

What bacterium causes syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What is the hallmark sign of primary syphilis?

Painless chancre

What is the hallmark sign of secondary syphilis?

Rash on palms and soles

What is the treatment for syphilis?

Penicillin

What is the most common cause of UTIs?

Escherichia coli

What bacterium causes whooping cough?

Bordetella pertussis

What vaccine prevents pertussis?

Tdap

What bacterium commonly infects dog and cat bite wounds?

Pasteurella multocida

What bacterium causes tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What screening test is used for TB?

PPD skin test

What bacterium causes walking pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

What is bacteremia?

Bacteria present in the bloodstream.

What is sepsis?

A life-threatening systemic inflammatory response to infection.

What is septic shock?

Severe sepsis causing hypotension and organ failure.

What causes oral thrush?

Candida (fungus), often after antibiotic use.