Pharmacology High-Yield Flashcards

Clinical Sciences, Sourced from MicaelaAG on Quizlet

Which BB is selective to B1 antagonism?

Atenolol

Why should you not stop a BB abruptly?

Rebound HTN

What are the CI's for BB (acronym)

A - asthma

B - block (1st degree)

C - COPD

D - DM

E - hyperkalEmia

When would you use propanolol over atenolol?

migraine prevention

ACE-I can be used how long after an MI to prevent mortality?

24 hours

2 main AE of ACEI?

dizziness and dry cough

M/C side effect of CCB?

edema

Ingesting grapefruit juice with Amlodipine will do what?

increase it's levels

Which drug reduces myocardial work and O2 requirement and improves exercise tolerance?

Atenolol

Will Clonidine alter the hemodynamic response to exercise ?

No

Which herbs need to be avoided when taking Clonidine?

dong quai

yohimbe

ginsengs

garlic

saw palmetto

HF drug when intolerant to ACE-I?

ARB (valsartan)

Spironolactone competitive blocks which 2 hormones?

Aldosterone

Androgens

Where does Spironolactone act, and how does it move electrolytes?

Distal convoluted tubule

- increase Na and water out

- keeps K in

Where does Hydrochlorothiazide act, and how does it move electrolytes?

Distal tubule

- increases Na, K and CL excretion and keeps Ca in

Which herb should not be combined with Hydrochlorothiazide?

Glycyrrhiza

Which diuretics should not be used with a sulphonamide sensitivity?

Hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide

How does digitalis affect the heart?

Positive inotrope

Negative chronotrope

Which herbs are CI with Digitalis

Hydrastis

Convalleria

Leonarus

Licorice

SJW

2 drug choices for arrhythmia

digoxin, amidarone

MOA of digitalis

Inhibits Na/K ATPas, and Increase PNS on heart

MOA of amidarone

Blocks K, N, Ca and B-adrengergic = prolong cardiac depolarization

How does atorvastatin change lipids?

Increase HDL

Decrease LDL, TG, TC

If someone is on the OCP what do you tell them when they start taking a statin

Use additional contraception

Fibrates have what adverse effect?

`Gallstones

Is loratadine sedating or non-sedating?

Non

Diphenhydramine produces blocks H1 and Ach and therefore is CI in what conditions?

BPH, glaucoma

Which anti-histamine can be used for ST anxiety manegement?

Hydroxyzine

which trimesters should you avoid hydroxyzine?

2/3

What are the two most common AEs of fluconasone?

URTI and HA

Number 1 AE of montelukast?

HA

You can use fluconasone for acute bronchospasm?

No

What type of glaucoma does epinephrine treat?

open-angle

MOA of phenylephrine

alpha adrenergic agonist

Which drug for cough is potentially addictive?

Dextromethorphan

T/F SSRI and MOAI may interact with dextromethorphan

TRUE

What is the major interaction with phenylephrine

MAOI

3 main side effects of tiotropium

URTI, dry mouth, sinusitis

What allergy do you have to watch for with tiotropium

lactose

Main AE of montelukast?

HA

Which bronchodilator should you not take Yohimbe with?

epinephrine

Which two drug classes are CI with dextromethorphan

SSRI, MAOI

M/c AE of salbutamol?

hand muscle tremor

Permethrin inhibits what channels?

Na

Number 1 AE of Fluconazole?

HA

Which condition is CI with the use of Salbutamol?

HTN

What is permethrin used for?

Lice, mites, scabies

What 4 worms is mebendazole first line for?

pinworm, roundworm, hookworm, whipworm

How does mebendazole cause death?

inhibits glucose intake in worms

What does high dose mebendazole cause?

neurolysis

What drug will cause a disulfuram reaction with alcohol?

Metronidazole

Main action of metronidazole?

Anti-protozoal

How does metronidazole cause death?

inhibits DNS synthesis

when would hydroxychloroquinine be CI'd?

retinal or visual changes

Hyroxychloroquinine can be used in malaria and what other condition?

RA

Drug for nail fungal infections

terbinafine

T/F since terbinafine is used to treat nail infections it is a pretty harmless drug?

FALSE - very harsh

serious side effect of terbinafine

SJS

M/c AE With isotretinoin?

chelitis

which type of wounds can you not use mupirocin for?

burn

Serious agranulocytosis, alopecia, arthralgia, rashes and liver danger are all side effects of what medication?

Propylthioruracil

What conditions can you not give levothyroxine?

acute MI

subclinical hypothyroidism

thyrotoxicosis

hypoadrenocorticism

How will taking estrogen affect your dose of levothyroxine?

Need to increase it

Will alcohol potentiate higher or lower blood glucose?

lower

Glyburide can be used in T1 and T2 DM?

NO - only type 2

You have to be concerned about a sulfa allergy with glyburide?

Yes

MAO of glyburide?

increase insulin secretion

How will ethanol impact anti-hyperglycemics?

Potentiate hypoglycaemia

Metformin should not be used in what population since it will increase risk of lactic acidosis?

Renal failure

Which nutrient is depleted with Metformin

B12

Is it safe to take Ranitidine and Esomeprazole in pregnancy?

Yes

First line for GERD?

Esomeprazole

Number 1 side effect of Ranitidine?

HA

Which 2 nutrients can interfere with Ranitidine ?

Vitamin D and B12

When should a PPI be taken?

1 hour before a meal

Mechanism of misoprostal

PGE1 analog to increase bicarb and mucus

M/c AE with Sucralafate?

Constipation

What type of environment is needed for Sucralafate?

acidic

Main indication for sucralfate?

ulcers

Main action and indication of Dicyclomine?

Anti-spasmodic for IBS

What type of side effects will Dicyclomine have, anti-cholinergic or cholinergic?

Anti-cholinergic

Are antihistmines cholinergic or anti-cholinergic?

Anti-cholingeric

What 2 types of diarrhea would you NOT use loperamide in?

infectious

bloody

Bismuth subsalicyclate cannot be taken with what allergy?

Salicyclates and aspirin

T/F pesto bismal is safe in pregnancy?

FALSE

Action of bisacodyl?

Stim laxative

Action of ducosate?

stool softener

You cannot have what 1 hour after or before taking biscodyl?

milk

which combination is used for constipation d/t opioids

bisacdyl and ducosate

Which nutrient is depleted by sulfasalazine?

Folic acid

3 main indications for sulfasalazine?

RA, Crohn's and UC

M/c AE's with sulfasalazine (4)

anorexia

HA

Nausea

Vomiting

Mechanism of metoclopramide?

Dopamine receptor antagonist

Are the extrapyramidal sx with metoclopramide reversible?

No

3 conditions you cannot use metoclopramide in?

PD

Pheochromocytoma

Epilepsy

Main indication for metoclopramide?

CINV

T/F metochlopramide can cause extra-pyramidal SE and therefor may interact with anti-pscychotics and other drugs that may cause this?

TRUE

2 indications for prochlorperazine?

Severe N/v

psychosis

Which herbs cannot be taken with prochlorperazine?

Dong quai

SJW

Kava

Will prochlorperazine have cholinergic or anti-cholinergic AE?

anti-cholinergic