frequency management

What has been a growing problem in ATS?

Radio frequency congestion

Frequency and wavelength are ____ proportional. The _____ the frequency, the _____ the wavelength.

inversely, higher, shorter

VHF radio waves can only be received within ______; due to the curvature of the Earth, it’s possible to reuse the same frequency (______) provided the locations are sufficiently separated to prevent interference.

line of sight, co-channel

Frequency Protected Service Volume (FPSV) ensures that a radio frequency is used to service a specific _____ and protected from _______ interference

volume of airspace, co-channel and adjacent channel

Agreements regarding the volume of airspace (such as ______) establish the allocation and reallocation of frequencies in a safe and effective manner.

sector, control zone, or MF area

Radio frequency assignments based on FPSV increase ______ of ATC radio channels.

the reuse potential

An FPSV can be circular, but it is generally designed to conform to _____ and is therefore often much smaller than the actual coverage capability

sector boundaries

Peripheral stations or peripheral air-ground links (PALs) are ______ placed at various locations throughout the country. They allow _______ with aircraft.

remote transmitters and receivers, direct communications (DC)

Where are PALs shown?

CFS, LO, and HI charts

What ensures that a radio frequency will service a specific volume of airspace without co-channel or adjacent channel interference?

FPSV

The _______ specifies how receiver volume levels are to be set. A general rule is to set a receiver at a volume that can be heard ______, but not ______.

Manual of Air Traffic Services (MATS), a particular position, two positions away

You should only select transmit mode on the frequencies required to maintain communication with traffic in ______.

your area of responsibility

Direct communications (DC) refers to pilots and ATS personnel speaking directly to each other _______.

without relaying through another unit

Reasons for loss of DC availability include:

• In-Flight Communication Failure

• ATS Communication Failure

• Aircraft Out of Range

• Other Reasons

What are other reasons for loss of DC availability?

A complete radio failure, an emergency, or a hijacking

What secondary communication options if DC is not available?

• Other ATS units

• Other aircraft

• Airlines

• Other agencies

What other ATS units can help relay information to pilots?

• Towers or ACCs

• Flight Service Stations

• Flight Information Centres

What are the benefits of using flight service stations as SCO?

More numerous than towers or ACCs, giving them good radio coverage.

Flight service stations have access to VHF, UHF, ______, and are the prime radio link in remote areas.

HF and SELCAL

Airlines are helpful as SCOs because they ____ and use _____.

track their aircraft, specific company frequencies

Which of these are not an agency you can use as a SCO?

Firefighter and Dispatch Offices

An aircraft is enroute from Whitehorse to Vancouver and DC is suddenly unavailable. What is a possible cause of this disruption?

In-flight communication failure

What are the 2 ATS inter-unit communications that ATC messages should be transmitted through?

ATC Interphone and Air-Ground

ATC Interphone is used for ______ movement and control messages. This may be accomplished electronically.

IFR and CVFR (controlled VFR flight)

Air-Ground Communication systems should be used for messages to aircraft concerning _______.

control and safety of flight

MATS also states that if primary communication systems are ________, you may use an alternate communication system.

congested or not available

When primary communication systems are N/A, transmit IFR and CVFR movement and control messages using _____.

the quickest method

When primary communication systems are N/A, you may transmit VFR and DVFR movement messages that _____ via ____.

require immediate action, ATC interphone