psychology not ticked off skills

explain what causes agnosia

caused by brain lesion (stroke, tumour, dementia, brain injury)

distinguish between different structures of the tongue

🍬 Tastants = the chemicals (what you're tasting)

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👅 Taste buds = the clusters (where the receptors are found)

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🧠 Gustatory receptors = the detectors (they detect the tastants and start the taste process)

identify examples of social factors which influence gustatory perception

Culture

• We like and prefer the tastes we grow up with.

• Therefore, our family and culture influence our taste preferences.

Example

• Someone who grows up in Japan may enjoy sushi and seaweed because they are familiar foods.

• Someone who grows up in Australia may prefer foods like Vegemite or meat pies because those flavours are familiar.

explain the processes involved in sensation and/or perception with reference to visual and/or gustatory perception

Visual Perception
Sensation (Biological Process)

1. Reception – Photoreceptors in the retina detect light.

2. Transduction – The photoreceptors convert the light into neural signals.

3. Transmission – The neural signals travel through the optic nerve to the primary visual cortex for processing.

Perception (Psychological Process)

1. Selection – Important visual information is attended to while other information is ignored.

2. Organisation – The selected visual information is regrouped into a meaningful image.

3. Interpretation – The brain assigns meaning to the visual information, allowing you to recognise what you are seeing.

describe key processes involved in the perception of sensory stimuli; bottom-up processing and top-down processing.

Bottom-up processing

• Starts with sensory information (the stimulus).

• Builds towards perception to make sense of it.

• Used for unfamiliar information.

Top-down processing

• Starts with prior knowledge, experience and schemas.

• Uses these to interpret sensory information.

• Used for familiar information.