Presidents 1-6 Washington-Quincy Adams Term To Defenition

Judiciary Act

In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.

The Cabinet

A group of advisers to the president.

Hamilton's financial program (Bank of U.S.)

Economic vision stating: the federal assumption of state debts, the creation of a Bank of the United States, and support for the new nation's emerging industries.

Tariff of 1789

Designed to protect domestic manufacturing; discouraged competition from abroad and compelled foreign competitors to raise prices on their commodities.

Tariff of 1789

Provided the U.S. government with much-needed revenue.

Whiskey Tax and Rebellion

This passed a tax on whiskey, the Farmers got mad

Neutrality Proclamation

Stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war

Jay's Treaty

Averted war with Britain, but the American people were not pleased and felt the treaty was unfair

Pinckney's Treaty

Agreement between the united states and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans

Farewell Address

1796 speech urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations

Treaty of Greenville

Gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory.

Partisan politics

Politics based around political parties rather than the candidates themselves

Undeclared war with France

Quasi War

Quasi War

The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Convention of 1800

A conference between the U.S. and France which ended the naval hostilities.

Alien, Sedition and Naturalization Acts

Acts created to protect national security

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Republican documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

Judiciary Act, 1801

A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists

'midnight judges'?

A group of judges appointed by John Adams on the night before he left office.

'midnight judges' purpose

To have a long-term Federalist influence in the federal courts, as judges serve for life.

Appointment of John Marshall, Chief Justice

Asserted the judiciary's authority to expound the Constitution as paramount law and to hold the other branches accountable to that law

pell mell

In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner

pell mell

"When brought together in society, all are perfectly equal, whether foreign or domestic, titled or untitled, in or out of office."

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review

Barbary pirates

North Africans who attacked American ships and tried to ransom American sailors

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Essex Junto

A group of extreme Federalists who wanted to secede from the U.S. and form a Northern Confederacy because they thought northern states would have less power after the Louisiana Purchase

Burr conspiracy

Scheme by Vice-President Aaron Burr to lead the succession of the Louisiana Territory from the US and create his own empire

Embargo Act, 1807

Law that forbade American ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed American ports to British ships

Lewis and Clark

Two explorers sent by the president to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Impressment of American sailors

Britain forcing American sailors believed to be of British origin into the British navy, regardless of their citizenship, seen as mockery of American sovereignty.

Chesapeake incident

Attack in 1807 by the British ship Leopard on an American ship in American territorial waters

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain

War of 1812

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

Hartford Convention

Federalists met in secret and agreed to oppose the war and send delegates to meet with Congress

Bank of the U.S. Rechartered

Recreated national bank at stabalized the economy

Tariff of 1816

This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Appeased slave and free state balance in the government

The Era of Good Feelings

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government

Rush-Bagot Treaty

The US and British agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Oregon Treaty

Settled dispute of Oregon boundary dispute, stemming from the Treaty of 1818 in which both U.S. and British settlers were granted free navigation of the territory.

Monroe Doctrine, 1823

An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Partisan election of 1824

The collapse of the Federalist Party and the illness of the "official candidate" of the Democratic-Republicans led to a slate of candidates who were all Democratic-Republicans

"the corrupt bargain"

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

partisan campaign of 1828

Two parties attacked the personal qualities of the the opposing candidate wether than actual policies

Tariff of 1828

A high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods

South Carolina Exposition

Document by vice. John Calhoun which argued that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional

Erie Canal completed

Linked NY/Hutson River and the Great Lakes