Lecture 2: Tech and Cybercrime

what is technology?

accomplishing a task using a technical process, methods or knowledge

what is a crime?

the commission of a forbidden act (or failure to act) within a particular jurisdiction

what are the 5 ways the Internet has impacted society?

1. lessens social ineractions

2. lower inhibitions

3. accessibility to other like-minded people

4. decrease boundaries

5. increased anonymity

what is the information age?

marked by increased population, transmission and consumption of and reliance on information technology

are we currently in the information age?

yes

technological changes and innovations do NOT influence our behavior (t/f)

false

what is technology affordances?

possibilities and constraints that are created by technology

what is an example of a technology affordance?

taking pictures with a phone, swiping in an app

technology affordances are typically adopted and integrated into social norms immediately (t/f)

FALSE, they are integrated OVER TIME

what is the process of technology affordances becoming social norms called?

technicways

what are the three ways computer and mobile technology are used by offenders?

1. medium for communication and development of subcultures online

2. mechanism to target resources and engage in crime

3. incidental device to facilitate the offense and provide evidence of criminal activity

the ___ nature of the internet allows people to talk about behaviors with a high degree of social stigma with little risk and fear

anonymous

the Dark Web's forums and operations be indexed by Google (t/f)

false

the internet has created or facilitated subcultures (t/f)

true

what is deviance?

refers to behaviors that may not be illegal, but are outside of formal and information social norms

what is cyberdeviance?

behavior that involves internet technology

every type of crime typically involves some form of digital evidence from many devices (t/f)

true

what is the definition of computer crime?

criminals use specialized knowledge about computer technology (use of a computer)

is the internet required to commit a computer crime?

not necesarilly

what is cybercrime?

any criminal activity committed through or facilitated by the Internet

all cybercrimes involved computer technology (t/f)

true

what is computer related crime?

broader term which includes criminal activities in which a computer was involved

what are the four topologies of cybercrime

1. cyber-trespass

2. cyber-deception

3. cyber-porn

4. cyber-violence

what does cyber-trespass mean?

crossing invisible boundaries of computer systems where rights of ownership have been established

what are examples of cyber-trespass?

hackers (principled)

crackers (unprincipled)

what are the four types of cyber-trespassers?

utopians - contribute by exploiting vulnerabiliites

cyberpunks - anti establishment, intended harm

cyber-spy

cyber-terrorist

what does cyber-deception/fraud/theft mean?

all various criminal acquisitions that may occur online

increased use of online banking and shopping allowed for easier access to consumer information for hackers to obtain (t/f)

true

what does cyber-porn mean?

sexually expressive or explicit materials

what are some examples of cyber-porn?

human sex trafficking

child pornography

child sex rings

the Internet increased growth of communities supportive of deviant sexual behaviors (t/f)

true

what does cyber-violence mean?

the distribution of a variety of injurious, hurtful, or dangerous materials online that are used to bully or harass others

are threatening or sexual messages categorized as cyber-violence?

yes