JMU Health 100: Personal Wellness Exam 1

What are the Dimensions of Wellness?

Intellectual, Emotional, Social, Spiritual, Occcupational, and Environmental.

What are the leading causes of death in the 15-24 age group?

1. Unintentional Injury

2. Suicide

3. Homicide

4. Cancer

5. Heart Disease

What are the top leading causes of death among all age groups?

1. Heart Disease

2. Cancer

3. Chronic Respiratory Disease

4. Unintentional Injury

5. Cerebrovascular Accidents (Strokes)

What is the U.S. rank for life expectancy and average life expectancy?

Rank: 42nd in the world

Average Life Expectancy: 79.8 years of age

Definition of Biology

refers to an individual's genetics.

Where does Psychological Health stem from?

It stems from a complex interaction among the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of one's life.

What is the difference between Eustress and Distress?

Eustress: Good Stress

Distress: Bad Stress

What are the tiers of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Bottom to Top:

1. Survival Needs

2. Security Needs

3. Social Needs

4. Esteem Needs

5. Self-actualization

Definition of Emotional Health

Refers to the feeling subjective side of psychological health.

Definition of Social Health

Includes your interactions with others on an individual and group basis, your ability to use social resources and support in times of need, and your ability to adapt to a variety of social situations.

Definition of Spiritual Health

Refers to the sense of belonging to something greater than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence.

What are the factors that influence psychological health?

1. Self-efficacy and self-esteem

2. Family

3. Social supports

4. Personality

5. Community

6. Life span and maturity

What is psychoneuroimmunology?

The study of the brain and behavior.

What are some strategies to enhance psychological health?

1. Develop a support group

2. Complete required tasks

3. Form realistic expectations

4. Make time for yourself

5. Maintain physical health

What are the effects of mood disorders?

Persistent sadness or feelings of euphoria- affects how you feel (include major depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder)

What are the different types of medications used to treat mental illnesses?

Antidepressants: Prozac, Paxil

Anxiolytics: Lorazepam, Xanax, and Diazepam

Mood Stabilizers: Deprakote

Antipsychotics: Clozapine, Thorazine

Stimulants: Ritalin, Adderall

What are the causes of mood disorders?

Genetics, hormones, life events, and early childhood trauma.

What are Anxiety disorders?

characterized by persistent feelings of threat and worry. The number one health problem in the U.S. affecting 18% of the population.

What are the two purposes of sleep?

1. Conserves body energy

2. Restores you both physically and mentally

How does sleep maintain your physical health?

1. Maintains immune system

2. Reduces risk of heart disease

3. Maintains a healthy metabolism and body weight

4. Improves motor tasks

5. Aids in stress management

6. Contributes to neurological/mental functioning

What happens during Non-REM sleep?

1. Body temperature declines

2. Sensations are dulled

3. Brain waves, heart rate, and breathing slow down

What time should napping occur? For how long?

Napping should be in the early to mid-afternoon and should last no longer than 30 minutes.

What does less sleep cause?

1. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes

2. Factor in male reproductive health

3. More stressed

What is melatonin?

A hormone that affects sleep cycles, increasing drowsiness.

What are the three major themes for discussion of alcohol abuse on college campuses?

1. Binge Drinking

2. Females and Alcohol

3. Mixing alcohol with other drugs

Definition of Binge Drinking

A pattern of drinking alcohol that brings BAC to .08 or above; corresponds to five or more drinks for males or four or more drinks for females in 2 hours.

Definition of Drunkorexia

A term for the practice of skipping meals or exercising heavily before consuming alcohol.

What is Ethyl Alcohol?

Drinking alcohol

What is fermentation?

The process whereby yeast organisms break down plant sugars to yield ethanol.

What is Distillation?

Process in which alcohol vapors are condensed and mixed with water to make hard liquor.

What is a proof?

A measure of the percentage of alcohol in a beverage.

What is a standard drink?

Amount of any beverage that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol.

What percent of alcohol diffuses through the stomach lining an into the blood stream?

20 percent

80 percent passes through which part of the digestive tract?

The lining through the upper third of the small intestine.

What will happen if marijuana and alcohol are mixed?

A terrible memory is developed and the ability to vomit is reduced which could potentially cause acute alcohol poisoning.

Which drinks are absorbed more slowly and more rapidly?

Slowly: Wine and Beer

Rapidly: Champagne and carbonated drinks

Which valve controls the release of stomach contents into the intestine?

The pyloric valve.

What do high intakes of alcohol cause?

It causes pyloric spasms that prevent the stomach contents from emptying. If irritation continues, it can cause vomiting.

Definition of BAC

Ratio of alcohol to total blood volume.

Factors that influence BAC

Weight and Gender

Why do females get drunk faster than males?

Females produce estrogen and it makes them more sensitive to alcohol. They also have more body fat and less water. Women have half as much dehydrogenase, the enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach before it reaches the bloodstream.

What is the synergistic effect?

When two or more drugs of like properties are combined and can be deadly.

What are the short-term effects of alcohol?

1. Depresses central nervous system

2. Leads to dehydration and headache

3. Irritates the GI system

4. Dulled senses/ acute vision and hearing

5. Decreased pulse and breathing

6. Lowers inhibitions

7. Key factor in many rapes and domestic violence

What are the long-term effects of alcohol?

1. Negative effects on nervous system

2. Cardiovascular system (antithrombic effect)

3. Liver disease (Cirrhosis/alcohol hepatitis)

4. Can lead to cancer

What can alcohol abuse lead to?

1. Inflammation of the pancreas

2. Interference with immunity

3. Affects sleep

4. Blocked absorption of calcium

Which ethnic groups have the highest and lowest rates alcoholism?

Highest: Native Americans

Lowest: Asian Americans

Definition of prevalence

Measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. The number of cases of disease existing in a population.

Definition of Incidence

The number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease.

Definition of Morbidity

Another term for illness NOT death.

Definition of Mortality

Another term for death.

What are the three levels of prevention?

Primary- to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. (exp. legislation and enforcement to ban or control the use of hazardous products or to mandate safe and healthy practices)

Secondary- Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred (exp. regular exams and screening tests to detect a disease in its earliest stages).

Tertiary- Aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects (exp. cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management programs).