Linguistics as a discipline (1)

Why should we study language?

because it can be compared to a mirror of the mind, specific to each individual, created by mechanisms beyond human consciousness and understanding.

Language -

the cognitive ability enabling humans to communicate through complex structures

Linguistics

the study of the human ability to produce and interpret language in speaking, writing and singing.

Linguist -

someone who studies and describes the structure and composition of languages in a methodical and rigorous manner

General linguistics

studies language as a human faculty and languages in their diversity

Particular linguistics

studies specifically a language or a language family in detail

The foundations of linguistics

the precedents of linguistics are oratory, rhetoric, philosophy, philology

Principles of modern lingusitics:

functionality, opposition, systematicity, neutralisation

Lingustic conceptions:

taxonomic conception and theoretical conception

Linguistics - the main branches:

theoretical linguistics, applied linguistics, internal linguistics, external linguistics

Anthropological linguistics:

it aims to link the forms of language used by the people to their daily life, social structures and customs.

Sociolinguistics:

studies the varieties of language used among different groups within a particular language community, language change through time, perception of politeness and offensiveness.

Psycholinguistics studies

 language acquisition, processing, production and also comprehension.

Neurolinguistics studies

the human brain and its relation to language.

Applied linguistics; main branches:

clinical linguistics, forensic linguistics, language policy, translation and interpreting, language learning and teaching, lexicography, computational linguistics

typlogy is

comparative linguistics