Chapter 28

What are protists?

Eukaryotes not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.

Where are protists commonly found?

In moist habitats, such as oceans, lakes, wetlands, and rivers.

What type of nutrition do algae have?

They are photoautotrophs (photosynthetic).

What are protozoa classified as?

Heterotrophs (animal-like).

How do fungus-like protists obtain nutrition?

They use absorptive nutrition.

What are phytoplankton?

Photosynthetic protists that float in aquatic environments.

What is the motility type of flagellates?

They swim using flagella.

Define Euglena in terms of its nutritional type.

Euglena is a photosynthetic unicellular flagellate.

What characterizes kinetoplastids?

They have a large mass of DNA called a kinetoplast.

What type of algae does Phylum Chlorophyta include?

Green algae found in freshwater, oceans, and on land.

Identify a key feature of dinoflagellates.

Some dinoflagellates produce toxins and have photosynthetic plastids.

What is the defining characteristic of supergroup Alveolata?

Presence of saclike membranous vesicles called alveoli.

What type of movement is associated with amoebozoa?

Amoeboid movement by pseudopodia.

How do primary plastids originate?

They evolved via cyanobacteria engulfment.

What is the process of secondary endosymbiosis?

Photosynthetic eukaryotes are engulfed by other cells.

What is phagotrophy?

Heterotrophs that ingest particles.

What is the significance of extrusomes in protists?

They are spear-shaped projectiles that discourage herbivores.

Describe a haploid dominant life cycle.

Most unicellular sexually reproducing protists where haploid cells develop into gametes.

What does alteration of generations refer to?

A life cycle involving a haploid gametophyte producing gametes and a diploid sporophyte producing spores.

How do parasitic protists typically reproduce?

They often use more than one host organism.

What are the two types of nutrition adaptations in heterotrophic protists?

Osmotrophy and mixotrophy.