(4.1) eating disorders

anorexia athletic

participation in sports or physical activity may play a pathogenic role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders by disrupting normal mechanisms of energy balance

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder caused by extreme food restriction, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image

bulimia nervosa

recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (purging, fasting, over-exercising), shame & secrecy

anorexia athletica

ED more common in female athletes

muscle dysmorphia

ED more common in male athletes

endogenous opoids peptides

its release in the brain physiologically mediates under-eating and self-perpetuating behaviors

excessive exercise

predisposes a person to the progression of self-starvation

female athlete triad

refers to a constellation of 3 clinical entities: menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability, and decreased mineral bone density

menstrual disturbance

brought about by low energy availability which disrupts hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian axis

amenorrhea

the absence of menstrual periods

oligomenorrhea

a condition where menstrual cycles are infrequent, meaning the time between periods is longer than usual

low bone density

a consequence of low estrogen levels from menstrual dysfunction and poor nutrient intake (vit C & D)

precipitous weight loss

weight loss that happens too fast

bloating or edema

related to hypoalbumenia, hormonal changes, and possible refeeding syndrome

swollen salivary glands

puffy cheeks or jaw that is related to bulimia nervosa and possibly caused by repeated induced vomiting

carotenemia

yellowish appearance on palms or hands or soles of feet

medical doctors

people that confirms the presence of eating disorders