Weekly Assessment 1

A chef accidentally cuts her finger while chopping vegetables. The cut is deep and bleeds significantly. Her body initiates a process to stop the bleeding. This process involves platelets aggregating at the site of injury, which releases chemicals that attract more platelets, quickly forming a clot to plug the wound.

A positive feedback loop, because the response amplifies the initial stimulus to complete a process.

A 52-year-old man presents with persistent abdominal pain. Imaging reveals enlargement of his liver. To investigate further, the physician examines the organ’s size and shape to detect structural abnormalities, and then performs a biopsy to evaluate the tissue under a microscope. Blood tests are also ordered to measure liver enzyme activity and determine how well the liver is working.

Gross anatomy for structure, histology for microscopic examination, and physiology for functional performance

A 67-year-old patient undergoes open-heart surgery. To gain access to the thoracic cavity, the surgeon makes an incision along a plane that divides the body into right and left portions. Which anatomical plane does this incision follow?

Sagittal Plane

A cut through the long axis of an organ is an/a _____________________ section

Longitudinal

The shoulder is _____ to the elbow

Proximal

Which of the following correctly describes the relative anatomical positional relation between two anatomical structures in a human adult?

Heart is ventral to esophagus

Step 1 of Feedback loop

Stimulus arrives that disrupts homeostasis

Step 2 of feedback loop

Receptors detect change

Step 3 of feedback loop

Signal is sent to control center

Step 4 of feedback loop

A signal is sent out to an effector tissue in the body

Step 5 of feedback loop

A response is initiated that restores homeostasis

Feed forward mechanisms enable small changes in desired outcomes to further stimulate the physiological response. Which of the following is a good example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Enhancement of labor contractions

Which best describes a dorsal injury?

A torn gastrocnemius (calf muscle)

Levels according to increasing complexity

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system

According to homeostasis and negative feedback loops, which of the following detects changes in stimuli in that ultimately leads to a response? 

Receptor

Blood cell production, protection, and support are all features of which organ system?

Skeletal System

Which of the following is true according to the properties all organisms and reproduction? 

Reproduction is necessary for the survival of only the species as a whole

What body system is responsible for producing movements of limbs and the body as a whole? 

Muscular System

An increase in the number of cells is

Growth

What is true regarding anatomical position

Eyes looking forward and feet facing forward and parallel

Which of the following are examples of homeostatic mechanisms? 

Shivering, increasing heart rate when bp drops, secreting insulin to contract high blood sugar

Where is the gastrocnemius (calf) vein in relation to the femoral vein? 

Distal

Which cavity is enclosed by the inner walls of the thorax, abdominal wall muscle, and the inner surface bones and associated bones of the pelvis?

Ventral

A neurosurgeon has sent orders to perform a spinal tap on a patient. Which body cavity will the needle be inserted into?

Dorsal

When we become dehydrated, we will become thirsty. This will cause us to drink liquids. Is the thirst sensation a positive or negative feedback control system? 

Negative Feedback

A scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)

Anatomist

The antecubital region is_________ to the brachial region.

Distal

The life characteristic of reproduction may be interpreted at both the cellular and organismal levels.

True

The popliteal region is best seen from a(n)_________ view.

Posterior

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

Hypogastric

When you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)

Effector

Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?

The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.

With a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a_________ view.

Frontal

Where would you stand relative to a patient to see the dorsum of the manus if the patient were in anatomical position?

Posterior

The cardiovascular system will use negative feedback loops to maintain blood pressure. Which of the following is a negative feedback mechanism to regulate high blood pressure?

Heart rate is decreased, which will decrease blood pressure.

When maintaining a stable internal environment, if blood pressure increased to 130 mm Hg, your body would _______ blood pressure.

If heart rate decreased to 40 beats per minute, your body would _____

  heart rate.

If oxygen levels in the blood decreased to 75 mm Hg, your body would ____

breathing.

In all these examples, the changes that occurred in the body would be fatal if they continued. The body would have to respond or compensate for these changes. In each case above, when something happened to cause a change in one direction, the body responded with a change in the _____

direction to help maintain a stable internal environment.

Most homeostatic regulations occur through ______ feedback.

Decrease, Increase, Increase, Opposite, Negative

Which of the following sentences has the correct use of regional terms and directional terms?

The sternum is ventral to the vertebral body

The lateral side of the right knee would be______.

Farthest from left knee

Marie Curie’s prolonged exposure to radioactive elements damaged blood-producing cells in her bone marrow, leading to aplastic anemia and severely reducing the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. As oxygen delivery and other essential functions became compromised, multiple organ systems could no longer maintain stable internal conditions. Curie ultimately died as a result of these complications. Which statement best explains this progression? 

Damage beginning at the chemical level can affect progressively higher levels of organization until the organism can no longer maintain homeostasis