Chapter 14 Islam

The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the

hajj

The term Islam means

"submission”

The phrase, “one who has submitted,” is the meaning of the term

Muslim

The phrase dar al-Islam means

“house Islam”

In 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named

Khadija

The Quran is

the holy book of Islam

The turning point in the rise of Islam was

the hijra

The Islamic holy law is known as the

sharia

No religious leader could follow Muhammad, so political authority rested in the position of the

caliph

After the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of

Abu Bakr

The Shia believe that

the caliphate should follow the line of Ali.  

The main split inside Islam was between Sunni and

Shia

After the assassination of Ali, power fell to the

Umayyad dynasty

The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty

allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions

The Umayyad insisted that conquered people pay a special head tax if they did not convert to Islam. This head tax was called the

jizya

The founder of the Abbasid dynasty was

Abu al-Abbas

The Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that

it was not a conquering dynasty

The capital of the Abbasid empire was

Baghdad

The word ulama refers to

“people with religious knowledge.”

During the last two hundred years of the Abbasid empire, it fell under the control of the

Saljuq Turks

The Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end in 1258, when it was overrun by the

Mongols

What new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the Abbasid period?

paper manufacture

Caravanserais were

inns offering food and lodging for traveling merchants

Islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank, known as

sakk

The Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives?

four

How did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of women in the Islamic world?

Islamic society became more patriarchal.

In an effort to recruit learned students, Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called

madrasas

The Sufis believed in

an emotional and mystical union with Allah.

The Persian influence on Islam is best seen in

literary works

The other name for the collection of stories known as The Arabian Nights is

The Thousand and One Nights.

The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of

mathematics

Arabic numbers actually had their origin in

India

From which region did the Muslims adopt their numerals?

India

The Islamic thinker who studied Aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism was

Ibn Rushd

The main influence on the thought of Ibn Rushd was

Aristotle