cellular respiration and fermentation

Cellular aerobic respiration

the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water, involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

 Glycolysis

a set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate

Krebs cycle

the sequence of reactions following glycolysis in cellular respiration, where pyruvate is broken down and energy carriers are produced.

ETC

the final stage of cellular respiration, where electrons are transferred through a series of proteins, leading to the production of ATP and water.

Glucose compound

 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms bonded together to make one molecule of glucose

ATP

the primary energy-carrying molecule in cells

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced through cellular respiration.

parts of mitochondriaa

Include the outer membrane, inner membrane and cristae, matrix and DNA

Pyruvic acid

an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

NADH

a coenzyme found in all living cells

 FADH2

a coenzyme involved in cellular respiration, produced during the Krebs cycle and used in the electron transport chain.

Acetyl CoA

a central molecule in cellular metabolism, acting as a carrier for the two-carbon acetyl group

oxaloacetic acid

a four-carbon compound that combines with Acetyl CoA to begin the Krebs cycle.

Fermentation

a metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

Lactic acid fermentation

a type of anaerobic respiration where microorganisms, like bacteria or fungi, convert sugars into lactic acid and a small amount of ATP

  Alcoholic fermentation

 a biological process where yeasts break down sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide