cellular respiration and fermentation
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18 Terms
Cellular aerobic respiration
the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water, involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis
a set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate
Krebs cycle
the sequence of reactions following glycolysis in cellular respiration, where pyruvate is broken down and energy carriers are produced.
ETC
the final stage of cellular respiration, where electrons are transferred through a series of proteins, leading to the production of ATP and water.
Glucose compound
6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms bonded together to make one molecule of glucose
ATP
the primary energy-carrying molecule in cells
Mitochondria
Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced through cellular respiration.
parts of mitochondriaa
Include the outer membrane, inner membrane and cristae, matrix and DNA
Pyruvic acid
an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis
NADH
a coenzyme found in all living cells
FADH2
a coenzyme involved in cellular respiration, produced during the Krebs cycle and used in the electron transport chain.
Acetyl CoA
a central molecule in cellular metabolism, acting as a carrier for the two-carbon acetyl group
oxaloacetic acid
a four-carbon compound that combines with Acetyl CoA to begin the Krebs cycle.
Fermentation
a metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
Lactic acid fermentation
a type of anaerobic respiration where microorganisms, like bacteria or fungi, convert sugars into lactic acid and a small amount of ATP
Alcoholic fermentation
a biological process where yeasts break down sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide
Final Electron Acceptor
Oxygen acts as the 'clean up crew', combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
ATP Synthase
The ETC facilitates the production of ATP using the energy from electron transfer.
Note 
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