NOSE AND PARA NASAL SINUS

1. Bones & Cartilages of Nose, Nasal Cavity & Nasal Septum

• Name the bones forming the external nose.

• Nasal bones, frontal process of maxilla, nasal notch of frontal bone

• Name the cartilages forming the external nose.

• Septal cartilage, upper lateral nasal cartilage, alar cartilage, minor alar cartilage

• List the bony parts of the nasal septum.

• Perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, nasal crest of maxilla & palatine, nasal spine, sphenoidal crest

• What forms the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum?

• Septal cartilage and septal process of alar cartilage

2. Boundaries & Functions of Nasal Cavity

• List the boundaries of the nasal cavity.

• Roof – nasal bone, cribriform plate, sphenoid; Floor – hard palate; Medial wall – nasal septum; Lateral wall – conchae and meatuses

• Name any 3 functions of the nasal cavity.

• Olfaction, air conditioning, defense, filtration, voice resonance

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3. Conchae & Meatuses in Lateral Wall

• Name the three nasal conchae.
  A:

  • Name the three nasal conchae.
    

• Name the three nasal conchae.
  A: Superior, middle (parts of ethmoid), and inferior concha (separate bone)

• What is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

• Small space above superior concha where sphenoidal sinus opens

4. Openings of Paranasal Sinuses

• Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

• Maxillary, frontal, anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses

• Which sinus opens into the superior meatus?

• Posterior ethmoidal sinus

• Which sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Sphenoidal sinus

• What opens into the inferior meatus?

Nasolacrimal duct

• List the arteries forming Kiesselbach’s plexus.

• Anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial (facial)

• Name the sensory nerves of the nasal cavity.

• Anterior ethmoidal (V1), nasopalatine & greater palatine (V2)

• Where does lymph from the anterior nasal cavity drain

Submandibulae nod es

• Where does posterior nasal cavity lymph drain?

• A: Retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical nodes

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6. Location & Functions of Paranasal Sinuses

• List the paranasal sinuses.

Frontal,ethmoidal,maxillary ,sphenoidal

• Q: What are the functions of paranasal sinuses?

• Lighten skull, resonance to voice, warm/humidify air, protect vital structures

7. Clinical Applications of Sinuses

• Which sinus is most prone to infection and why?

• A: Maxillary – due to high drainage ostium (against gravity)

• What complication may result from ethmoidal sinusitis?

Orbital cellulitis

• What is Caldwell-Luc operation?

• Surgical access to maxillary sinus through the canine fossa