Glycogenesis

what is the first step of glycogenesis

glucose uptake: the glucose from blood goes to liver or muscle cells through glucose transporters, GLUT 2 in liver, GLUT 4 in muscle

what is the second step of glycogenesis

conversion of glucose 6 phosphate: the glucose is converted to G6P through phosphorylation reaction, catalyzed by hexokinase using ATP as phosphate donor.

what does the conversion of glucose to G6P do in the second step

it traps glucose within the cell and makes it more reactive for future metabolic processes

what is the third step of glycogenesis

isomerization to glucose 1 phosphate: G6P isomerize to G1P, phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the reaction by transferring the phosphate group from the 6th carbon to the first carbon of the glucose molecule

what is isomerization essential during the third step

it is essential for the subsequent incorporation of glucose into the growing glycogen chain

what is the 4th step of glycogenesis

activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis: G1P undergoes activation by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, this involves the transfer of UTP to G1P, resulting in the formation of UDP and inorganic phosphate. this ensures glucose is energetically favorable for incorporation into glycogen

what is the 5th step of glycogenesis

glycogen elongation: glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme for glycogenesis, catalyzes the elongation of the glycogen chain. adds glucose units to the growing glycogen molecule by utilizing UDP-glucose as the substrate.

what does glycogen synthase form during step 5

it forms an alpha-1, 4 glycosidic bond between the glucose molecules, extending the glycogen chain. For each glucose unit added 2 motes of ATP convert to ADP and phosphate