Cell Division and Genetics Review

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from a lecture on cell division, meiosis, and genetics.

Mitosis

Cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell division that involves interphase, prophase one, metaphase one, anaphase one, and telophase one.

Prophase One

Phase where the nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers appear, and chromosomes synapse or cross over.

Metaphase One

Phase where homologous pairs line up in the middle.

Anaphase One

Phase when homologous pairs are pulled apart, ending up with one of each pair on opposite ends.

Telophase One

Phase when spindle fibers disappear, the nuclear membrane reappears, a cleavage furrow forms, and cytokinesis occurs.

Ploidy after Meiosis I

If starting with 2n = 46, each daughter cell after meiosis I has n = 23 chromosomes.

Gametes

Produced through meiosis, always halving the chromosome number.

Hybrid

Combination of two sets of chromosomes, such as 1n + 3n.

F2 Phenotypic Ratio

typically 9:3:3:1, where nine have one big A and one big B, three have one big A and two little b's, three have two little a's and one big B, and one is homozygous recessive for both traits.