Exam 1- Speech Disorders

What are the true diphthongs?

1. ɑɪ/ "eye"

2. /ɔɪ/ "boy"

3. /ɑʊ/ "ouch"

Voice alveolar liquid

/l/

Hearing loss effects

Suprasegmentals

Unmarked sound

A sound that is more natural and acquired early

Common speech error in tongue thrusting

Sibilant distortions (s,z)

Phonetic transcription of thunder

/ θʌndɚ/

Preferred basic unit of early articulation

CV syllable shape

Voiceless labiodental fricative

/f/

Word for lip rounding practice

Shoot

Canonical babbling

Reduplicated and variegated babbling that is an important predictor to later speech development

Stopping

Substituting a stop for a fricative

Marked sound

A sound that is difficult and established later

Free allophonic variation

The /p/ we hear in hop; can be released or unreleased

Fronting

Substituting the phoneme /d/ for the phoneme /g/

Narrow transcription

The most accurate way to capture a child's phoneme productions during testing

First word development age

12 mos

Sonority hypothesis

Examined children's speech based on the relative loudness of a sound with regard to other sounds

Voiceless velar stop

/k/

Progressive assimilation example

Tedaphone for telephone

Oral mechanism exam areas

Structure and function

Syllable structure of early speech production

CV

Distinctive features

A compromised set of BINARY characteristics to describe sounds in all languages.

Natural phonology

Examined children's speech as characterized by universal preferred patterns

High front tense unrounded vowel

/i/

Optimality theory

Examines children's speech based on markedness and faithfulness constraints

Early acquired sounds

/b,n,m,p,h,d,g,k,f,t,ng,j/

Diacritical markers purpose

Noting the deviant sound qualities, addressing the transcription of disordered speech

Measure of communication clarity

Intelligibility

Treatment approaches for tongue thrust

Articulation & OMT (oral myofunctional therapy)

Mid front vowel

e (ate), ɛ (bed)

low front vowel

æ (bat)

mid central vowels

ə (sofa)

ɝ (first)

ɚ (butter)

ʌ (hut)

back high vowel

u (who, ʊ (book)

mid back vowels

o (row)

ɔ (law)

low back vowel

ɑ (cod)

When do cooing and laughter begin in an infant?

2-4 mos

when does jargon begin in an infant?

9+ months

Jargon (in infants)

strings of babbled utterances modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing.

Phonetically consistent forms (e.g., "gogee" for blanket) begin at _____ mos

10

True words develop around

12 mos

Early consonant inventories include...

nasal, plosives, fricatives, approximates, labial and lingual phonemes

[ɬ] means...

lateralization of /s/ (air coming out of the sides of tongue)

[ ̪ ] means

dentalization e.g. width

[ ̃ ] means

nasalization of vowel

[ ˀ ] means

Glottal stop e.g. "late" -> [leIˀ]

Marked sounds are those that are...

difficult to produce

Sonorants

vowels, glides, liquids, nasals

(vocal tract allows air stream to pass unimpaired)

Stridents

/f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/

(produced with intense noise & includes fricatives and affricates)

/p, b, m, d, n, h, t, k, g, w, ŋ, f, j/ are...

early developing sounds (2-3.11 yrs)

/l, dʒ, tʃ, s, v, ʃ, z/ are all..

middle developing sounds (4-4.11 yrs)

/r, ʒ, ð, θ/ are all...

later developing sounds (5-6.11 yrs)

When a sound influences the articulation of a following sound, causing the 2nd sound to become more like the first one it is...

progressive assimilation

when a sound is influenced by a preceding sound, causing the first sound to become more like the second one it is...

regressive assimilation

skunk --> stunk (progressive or regressive)

progressive (because the /s/ influences the /k/)

yellow --> lellow (progressive or regressive)

regressive (because the /lo/ influences the /j/)