Nutrition and Obesity (Chs 44-45) – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and definitions from Nutrition (Ch. 44) and Obesity (Ch. 45) chapters.

A client presents with fatigue, weight loss, and muscle wasting. The nurse suspects undernutrition. What is the priority nursing action?

Assess dietary intake and nutritional status.

A client has a BMI of 32 and reports eating large meals frequently. The nurse understands this condition can lead to what primary health risk?

Increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

A nurse is educating a client about essential components of a balanced diet for energy. Which group of nutrients should the nurse emphasize as providing the primary energy source?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

A severely malnourished client is starting enteral feeding. The nurse monitors for which critical electrolyte imbalance indicative of refeeding syndrome?

Hypophosphatemia.

A nurse is caring for a client newly initiated on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after prolonged starvation. Which laboratory value is the priority concern, indicating a potential complication?

Serum phosphate level of 1.5\,mg/dL (normal range 2.5-4.5\,mg/dL).

A client requires nutritional support but has a functional gastrointestinal tract. Which method of nutrition delivery is most appropriate for this client?

Enteral nutrition (EN).

A client with severe Crohn's disease cannot absorb nutrients orally or enterally due to extensive bowel resection. Which nutritional support method would the nurse anticipate for this client?

Parenteral nutrition (PN).

A post-gastric bypass client reports dizziness, sweating, and abdominal cramping immediately after meals. What dietary instruction is priority for the nurse to provide to manage these symptoms?

Avoid high-sugar foods and liquids with meals.

A client with a BMI of 45 and co-morbidities has failed conservative weight loss methods. The nurse anticipates the healthcare provider will recommend which definitive intervention?

Bariatric surgery.

A client presents with a waist circumference of 42 inches, blood pressure of 145/92\,mmHg, fasting glucose of 130\,mg/dL, and elevated triglycerides. The nurse recognizes these findings are consistent with an increased risk for what condition?

Metabolic syndrome.

A nurse is calculating a client's BMI. The client weighs 80\,kg and is 1.70\,m tall. Based on this, what BMI category does the client fall into?

BMI of 27.7\,kg/m^2, which is overweight.

A male client has a waist circumference of 45 inches. What is the nurse's primary concern regarding this measurement?

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes due to central obesity.

A nurse is explaining the hormonal regulation of appetite. Which hormone, produced by fat cells, is known to suppress appetite?

Leptin.

Before a meal, a client reports feeling very hungry. The nurse understands this feeling is primarily stimulated by the release of which hormone?

Ghrelin.

A client prescribed Orlistat for weight management reports oily stools and abdominal discomfort. What is the most important teaching point the nurse should reinforce?

Adhere to a low-fat diet and take fat-soluble vitamin supplements as prescribed.

A nurse is caring for a client recovering from extensive burns. The nurse would prioritize increasing the intake of which macronutrient to support tissue repair and wound healing?

Proteins.

A nurse is educating a vegan client about ensuring adequate protein intake. The nurse should advise the client on the importance of consuming foods rich in which type of amino acids?

Essential amino acids.

When advising a client on dietary sources of all essential amino acids, which food group would the nurse recommend as a primary source of complete proteins?

Animal products such as eggs, fish, or poultry.

A nurse is discussing vitamin supplementation with a client. The nurse explains that which type of vitamins needs to be consumed more regularly due to limited body storage?

Water-soluble vitamins.

A client with chronic pancreatic insufficiency has difficulty absorbing fats. The nurse anticipates that this client may be at risk for a deficiency in which group of vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

A nurse is reviewing a client's lab results and notes low calcium and magnesium levels. These are examples of which type of minerals, required in larger amounts by the body?

Major minerals.

A pregnant client is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The nurse educates the client on the importance of consuming which major mineral to improve hemoglobin production?

Iron.

An elderly client is at risk for osteoporosis. The nurse would recommend increasing dietary intake of which major mineral to support bone density?

Calcium.

A client with severe vomiting and diarrhea is admitted. The nurse monitors for imbalances in which essential substances that play a critical role in fluid balance and nerve function?

Electrolytes.

A nurse is teaching a client about understanding food labels. The nurse explains that the energy content of food is typically measured in what unit?

Kilocalories (kcal).

A dietitian is calculating the caloric needs for a client to maintain their current weight. The dietitian is determining the client's what?

Estimated daily energy requirements (EER).

A client admitted from a remote area presents with severe muscle wasting and edema due to prolonged food deprivation. The nurse identifies this as which type of malnutrition?

Starvation-related malnutrition (primary protein-caloric malnutrition).

A client with terminal cancer experiences significant weight loss and muscle breakdown despite adequate caloric intake. The nurse suspects this is due to which type of malnutrition?

Chronic disease–related malnutrition.

A client with celiac disease consistently experiences diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies despite eating a seemingly balanced diet. The nurse recognizes these symptoms are indicative of what condition?

Malabsorption syndrome.

A client with dysphagia after a stroke requires short-term enteral feeding. Which type of feeding tube would the nurse anticipate being inserted?

Nasogastric (NG) tube.

A client requires long-term enteral nutrition due to a permanent inability to swallow safely. Which type of feeding tube would be most appropriate for this client?

Gastrostomy tube (e.g., PEG tube).

A client with severe short bowel syndrome requires total nutritional support for an extended period. Which method of parenteral nutrition would be most suitable?

Central parenteral nutrition (central PN).

The nurse is preparing to administer a parenteral nutrition solution that contains lipids, amino acids, and dextrose in a single bag. This type of solution is commonly referred to as what?

3-in-1 (total nutrient admixture) PN.

A client asks about bariatric surgery options that primarily work by reducing the amount of food they can eat at one time. The nurse would describe which type of surgery?

Restrictive bariatric surgery (e.g., sleeve gastrectomy).

A client is considering bariatric surgery and wants to know about a procedure that combines both stomach reduction and nutrient malabsorption. The nurse would describe which common procedure?

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

A male client has an "apple" shape, with most of his fat distributed around his abdomen. The nurse educates him that this fat distribution pattern, known as android obesity, carries a higher risk for what?

Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.

A client with obesity is ready to make lifestyle changes for weight loss. The nurse's initial teaching emphasis should be on which comprehensive approach?

Dietary management focusing on caloric reduction, balanced nutrition, and regular physical activity.

A client states they want to lose weight. The nurse explains that weight loss occurs when there is a negative relationship between calories consumed and calories expended. This concept is known as what?

Negative energy balance.