Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900-Present)

Crumbling empires

Empires that are declining in power and influence, often leading to the rise of new states.

Mass atrocities

Large-scale, systematic acts of violence against a group of people, often resulting in death and suffering.

Young Ottomans

A reform movement in the Ottoman Empire that called for liberal reforms to check the power of the absolutist sultan.

Young Turks

A reformist group that overthrew the Sultan in 1908 and initiated a series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire.

Russian Revolution of 1917

A period of political upheaval in Russia leading to the abdication of the czar and the rise of the Bolsheviks.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks who played a key role in the Russian Revolution and established the Soviet Union.

Holodomor

A man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933, resulting from Stalin's policies, leading to the death of millions.

Fascism

A far-right political philosophy characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarian leadership, and militarism.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany and redrawing national borders.

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries.

Total war

A war in which a country mobilizes all its resources, including civilian and military, towards the war effort.

Blitzkrieg

A military strategy used by Germany in World War II involving rapid, surprise attacks to quickly overwhelm opponents.

Mass genocide

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular group of people, such as in the Holocaust or Armenian genocide.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the United States in 1929 and impacted economies globally.

Mandate System

A system established by the League of Nations to administer former German and Ottoman territories until they were ready for self-governance.

Colonial resistance

The opposition of colonial subjects to imperial rule, often manifested through protests, revolutions, or organized movements.

Spheres of influence

Areas in which foreign powers have exclusive rights and privilege, often established through imperialism.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assassination in 1914 was a significant catalyst for the outbreak of World War I.