EVOLUTIONARY 2

Which best describes a one-island model of migration?

a mainland sends migrants into a smaller population causing allele frequencies to change in the smaller population

In the absence of other evolutionary forces, migration will cause…

allele frequencies to homogenize across populations

Fst to go to 0

Which of the following is an assumption of HWE?

random mating occurs

An individuals genotype is AARr and gets a new mutation in a gamete such that “A” mutates to “a” so one of its offspring is AaRr with two genes on the same chromosome such that Ar and aR are together, which is true?

selection favors the new “a” allele will cause an increase in the “R” allele

In a population, 68% of eggs and sperm received an allele W and the remaining gametes received an allele w. What is the expected genotypic frequency of heterozygotes?

0.4352

In cases where a perpetual “arms race” occurs between biological antagonists, such as parasites and their hosts, sex is favored because it increases genetic recombination increasing the likelihood of evolving novel genotypes in a variable environment. This is called …

Red Queen Hypothesis

Why is it that “Muller’s rachet” does not explain, by itself the adaptive significance of sex?

Muller’s rachet takes along tome for chance events to eliminate low mutation classes

QTL mapping is used to..?

locate genes with phenotypic effects on quantitative traits

You observe a population where the number of each individual is of a single locus trait controlled by two alleles A and a is:

AA=113

Aa=

which of the following is not a source of linkage disequalibrium?

panmixia

why is QTL mapping useful?

we often don’t know the loci of quantitative traits

which of the following is NOT a common interaction pattern in quantitative traits?

homoeostatic

if a neutral marker appears significantly higher more often than chance with a phenotype, it implies that

A QTL marker might be linked to the neutral marker

What is typically minimized to assess heritability?

environmental variation

what did the experiment on tephritid flies conclude was the adaptive significance of banded wings?

avoiding other predation

the comparative method is an attempt to control for

common ancestry

color changing fuschia flowers provides an example of

physiological constraint

why do purple throated carib females have more curved beaks than males?

females are excluded from a primary food source by males

female maximum fecundity is typically… while males fecundity is typically…

fixed; increasing linearly with number of mates

investment in reproduction is typically … in females compared to males

higher

males competing for access to females is an example of

intrasexual selection

In male marine iguanas, natural selection ans sexual selection for size are:

nat. selection favors smaller size; sexual favors increased size

when is sperm competition likely to be the most prevalent?

when many males mate in close succession

why do female grey tree frogs prefer males that have long and fast calls?

offspring of long and fast calling males perform better

water mite males reproductive behavior is an example of

sensory bias

What is Muller’s rachet?

an explanation for sexual reproduction that argues sex is beneficial bc it reintroduces no-deleterious-mutation genotypes that have been lost due to drift

…, the most common type of nonrandom mating, will not change allelic frequencies, but it will change genotypic frequencies toward increasing…

inbreeding, homozygosity

which of the following would provide evidence of inbreeding depression?

all of the above

generally you are taught that synonymous (silent) mutations do not affect fitness, thus are not acted upon by natural selectoin; however this is not always the case, an example illustrating this concept is

Codon bias

a dominant allele with an absolute fitness 0 will…

be lethal