Health Demography and Epidemiology

Flashcards covering key terms, historical context, theories (Fundamental Cause Theory, Intersectionality), and biological concepts (Neuroplasticity, Epigenetics) from the lecture notes on Health Demography and Epidemiology.

The study of statistics such as births, deaths, incomes, and the prevalence of disease is known as __.

Health Demography

__ is the study of the distribution of the social determinants of disease.

Social Epidemiology

The number of new cases of a specific health problem is called __.

Incidence

The total number of health cases at a given point in time is referred to as __.

Prevalence

The rate of incidence and prevalence of disease is known as __.

Morbidity

The rate of incidence of death health outcomes is called __.

Mortality

A pattern of poorer outcomes indicated by the overall rate of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, or survival in the population as compared with the general population describes __.

Health Disparities

__ describes a pattern of group/demographic differences and inequalities in the quality of healthcare that are not due to clinical needs, preferences, or appropriateness of interventions.

Health care disparities

During ancient times, life expectancy was typically __ years, largely due to violence and accidents, with men often engaging in wars.

20-35

Constant infection and contagious disease, coupled with a lack of sanitation, characterized the __ times.

Pre-Modern

In modern industrial society, the last stage of HIV, also known as __, weakens the immune system and has faced issues like slow service and research, and physician refusal.

AIDS

The __ looks at the root cause of disease, particularly socioeconomic status, and views money/income as a flexible resource.

Fundamental Cause Theory

According to the Fundamental Cause Theory, __ is a flexible resource that influences multiple diseases, impacts health through various pathways, and persists across time and place.

Money/Income

The concept of __ refers to interlocking systems of oppression and privilege, leading to unique experiences of discrimination.

Intersectionality

__ is known as the 'father of epidemiology' and specialized in social analysis.

John Snow

Universal healthcare from 'cradle to the grave' is a characteristic of countries with a low __ rate, such as Japan.

mortality

The practice from the 1930s of outlining neighborhoods for minorities where bad loans would be given out was called __.

Redlining

The concept that 'the rich get richer' and those who begin with less accumulate more disadvantage over time is known as __.

The Matthew Effect

Acts committed with the intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group is the definition of __.

Genocide

The __ from 1990 saw over 800,000 deaths in 100 days, involving conflicts between the Hutus and the Tutsis.

Rwandan Genocide

During Hurricane Katrina, the media coverage often exemplified 'blaming the __' by suggesting people should have evacuated.

victim

__ describes environmentally induced changes in the functional or physical anatomy of the brain.

Neuroplasticity

__ development strengthens brain circuits based on common experiences like hearing, especially in early life.

Experience-expectant

Changes in gene activity that can be turned on and off without altering the underlying DNA sequence is known as __.

Epigenetics

Higher levels of __ can shrink the brain and impair glucose management, potentially leading to diabetes.

cortisol

The interaction between genetic components and environmental conditions to increase or decrease the likelihood of disease is called __.

Gene and Environment Interactions (GXE)

__ is a gene often associated with alcohol dependence.

GABRA2

__ is a gene associated with depression and life history events.

HTTLRP