Biodental Sciences- Chapter 16

role of dental assistants:

• you will be discussing nutrition and food choices w patients in a variety of circumstances

role of dental assistants: variety of circumstances including

• counseling patients about prevention of tooth decay

• counseling on their diet following oral surgery or other dental procedures

• performing dietary analysis w patients

• counseling on those who have ortho appliances on their teeth w regard to food choices

recommended dietary allowances (RDA’s)

• are levels of essential nutrients needed by individuals on a daily basis

• based on scientific knowledge about each nutrient

• determined by food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences

• reevaluated/reissued- every 4 years to keep up with research

food guide pyramid

• designed to reflect the new dietary guidelines that call for more consumption of grains and less consumption of meat, sweets, and fats

• 6 sections

key nutrients

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• lipids (fats)

• water

• vitamins

• minerals

carbohydrates

• body’s chief source of energy:

• simple sugars

• complex carbohydrates

• dietary fiber

simple sugars

• found in processes foods

• absorbed first

complex carbohydrates

• (starches)

• found in grains and need to be processed before they can be absorbed

dietary fiber

• indigestible

• commonly called roughage

carbohydrates: sources

• cereal grains- wheat, oat, rice, barley, buckwheat

• sweets- table sugar, honey, maple and corn syrup

• vegetables- green leafy vegetables, dried beans, peas

cariogenic foods: are also called what

• decay causing foods

cariogenic foods:

• any food containing sugar or other carbs- that can be metabolized by bacteria into plaque

• refined carbs- candy/sweets bc the sugar is readily available

cariogenic foods: major factors

• how long the food stays in the mouth

• whether or not food stimulates the saliva flow

• sugary soft drinks are not as cariogenic as sticky foods (caramels)

• crackers- are bc they stick to the teeth and get broken down way later

saliva

• is important in washing away sugars

saliva: 2 functions

• to speed clearance of food from the mouth

• to provide dietary fluoride as a means of strengthening the tooth

proteins: are composed of

• amino acids

• materials our bodies use in the process of building and repair

• they provide the body with energy

how many amino acids are there

• 20

how many amino acids are essential

• 8

• must come from food

protein: sources

• complete protein

• partially complete protein

• incomplete protein

complete proteins: examples

• well balanced mixture of all 8 essential AA’s

• meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy

partially complete proteins: examples

• grains

• vegetables

incomplete proteins: examples

• corn

• gelatin

• can’t be used as a sole source of protein

fats:

• important source of energy

• provide essential fatty acids

• transport vitamins

• provide heat insulation

• components of- cell membranes/myelin (covering of nerve fibers)

• forms protective cushions for organs

cholesterol

• fat found in saturated fats (from animal sources)

cholesterol: what is the good fat

• HDL

• LDL- is the bad fat

cholesterol: serving size

• less than 250 mg

• one egg yolk, per day

antioxidants:

• vitamin E and C, beta carotene- prevent cholesterol from oxidizing and damaging arteries

• many fruits, vegetables, and some seasonings contain naturally occurring antioxidants

vitamin E: sources

• soybeans

• almonds

• oatmeal

• wheat germ

• sunflower seeds

vitamin C: sources

• peppers

• oranges

• strawberries

• tangerines

• broccoli

• lemons

• raspberries

• cabbage

• grapefruit

beta-carotene: sources

• carrots

• sweet potatoes

• pumpkin

• kale

• winter squash

• spinach

• cantaloupe

• apricots

seasonings that contain: antioxidants

• nutmeg

• rosemary

• sesame

• cloves

• green tea

• pepper

vitamins:

• organic substances that occur in plant and animal tissues

• essential in minute amounts for the human body to maintain growth/good health

• don’t supply energy- but needed to release energy from: carbs, fats, proteins

vitamins: how many are there

• 13

how many vitamins are fat soluble

• 4

how many vitamins are water soluble

• 9

fat soluble vitamins: examples

• A,D, E, K

water soluble vitamins: examples

• b-complex

• and c

minerals: make up what % of body weight

• 4% of the body weight

minerals: what are they

• inorganic substances

minerals: how many are essential

• 14

minerals: that present in largest amounts

• sodium

• potassium

• calcium

• chlorine

• phosphorus

• magnesium

minerals: trace elements include

• iron

• zinc

• copper

• selenium

• chromium

• manganese

• iodine

• fluorine

water: helps in

• building tissue

• regulating body temp

• lubricating joints and mucous membranes

• “forgotten nutrients”

water: takes up how much of the body weight

• 2/3 of the bodies weight

diet modification: DA can modify diets according to

• consistency

• caloric level

• spiciness

• levels of one or more nutrients

• helpful to have special instructions written out for the patient to take home

caloric level:

• an adequate number of calories is necessary for proper handling after oral surgery

spiciness:

• foods that are too spicy- can irritate the oral tissues after dental procedures

levels of one or more nutrients:

• a properly balanced diet promotes all forms of healing

dietary analysis:

• used to help patient understand the role of nutrition in their health

• for 3 days

• every food eaten, amount, how prepared, and when

• dental team them reveiws

food labels: must contain

• individual serving size

• number of servings per container

• total calories

• calories derived from fat content

• percent of daily value (RDA)

nutrient claims: examples

• low fat

• high fiber

• reduced calories

• cholesterol free

organic foods:

• no chemical pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer

• no hormones in seed production

• milk- no added vitamins or chemical, and prep is closely monitored

eating disorders:

• medical, oral, and psychological implications

• commonly in adolescences/adult hood

ED: most common to suffer

• 14-25 years old

• white

• affluent

• female

• ratio from male to female- 10:1

bulimia:

• bingeing and purging disorder

anorexia:

• self starvation

female athlete triad

• young female athletes w eating disorders

• includes- restrictive dieting, overexercising, weight loss, lack of body fat

female athlete triad: can result in

• osteoporosis

• amenorrhea

osteoporosis:

• bone thinning

amenorrhea:

• missed menstrual periods

female athlete triad: dental risks

• enamel decalcification

• increased caries

• increased

• periodontal/ soft tissue inflammation

anorexia nervose/bulimia

• considered psychiatric diseases w serious medical dental, and nutritional complications

managing eating disorders: dental professionals’ duties

• often 1st to diagnose

• obligated to assist in obtaining psychotherapy/medical care

managing eating disorders:

• successful management requires a team approach

  • psychiatrists

  • psychologists

  • physicians

  • nurses

  • dietitians

  • social workers

  • dentists

• road to recovery is often long and expensive

healthy habits:

• eat right

• keep bones strong

• protect the immune system

• maintain body weight

• exercise

eat right:

• 5 servings of fruits/vegetables daily

• grains, beans, and dairy

keep bones strong:

• calcium in ur diet

• vitamin d supplement- helps u absorb calcium

protect the immune system:

• whole grains, leafy vegetables, seafoods, lean meats

• moderate amounts of vegetable oils

maintain body weight:

• excess fat can hasten the onset of

  • diabetes

  • heart disease

  • arthritis

  • other problems

exercise:

• combine aerobic exercises

• & walking and running w simple stretch training (to strengthen muscles)