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Study flashcards for Unit IV
Alternative fact
A statement that can be proven to be false
Cultural homogenization
The process of reduction in cultural diversity through the diffusion of popular culture
Custom
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act
Cyber espionage
The unauthorized and clandestine deployment of a virus to observe or destroy data in the computer systems of government agencies and large corporations
Fake news
A false report disseminated under the guise of an authentic news report, created to maliciously spread misinformation and mislead consumers of the content
Folk culture
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
Franchise
An agreement between a corporation and businesspeople to market that corporation’s products in a local area
Habit
A repetitive act performed by a particular individual
Malware
Hostile or intrusive software designed to cause intentional harm
Popular culture
Culture found in a large, heterogenous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristic
Ransomware
A form of malware that encrypts the victim’s files, making them inaccessible, until a ransom is paid to decrypt them
Taboo
A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
Terroir
The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes
Trolling
The practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in social media in order to provoke quarrels or otherwise agitate people
much smaller
The region covered by a folk culture is typically ____ _______ than that covered by a popular culture.
Popular culture
_______ _______ is based on rapid simultaneous global connections through communication systems, transportation networks and other modern technology.
Folk
____ cultures have anonymous hearths, originates from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators, have multiple hearths, originating in isolated places
Popular
_______ culture is typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular space, it is most often a product from MDCs
Diffusion of folk culture
Transmitted from place to place on a smaller scale through relocation diffusion
Diffusion of pop culture
Typically spreads from hierarchal diffusion, from the hearths or nodes of innovation, through the help of modern communication
not uniform
The distribution of popular culture around the world is ___ _______.
Folk songs
Tell a story or convey information about life-cycle events such as birth, death and marriage, or environmental features, such as agriculture and climate
Popular music
Written by a specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to or performed in front of a large number of people
Tin Pan Alley
To provide songs for music halls and vaudeville, a music industry was developed in a district of New York that became known as ___ ___ _____.
Folk culture: Origin of soccer
Originated from England during the 11th century. After the Danish invasion someone found a Danish head and decided to kick it around. Two villages would play this game and whoever kicked the ball to the center of the opposing village, wins.
Popular culture: Diffusion of soccer
Started to diffuse around the 19th centuries through Europe, British colonies and then to other countries. They later created the Football Association in 1863 to establish set rules. The name came from Assoc which then evolved to soccer.
Olympic sports
For a sport to be included in the Olympics, it has to be played in at least 75 countries in the world
Regionally distinctive sports
- Cricket: popular primary in the UK and former British colonies
- Ice hockey: popular in colder climates such as Canada, northern US, northern Europe and Russia
- Baseball: it was once confined to the US and the Caribbean but it also became popular in Japan
Popular clothing
Reflects occupation and income
Folk food customs
Heavily embedded in the environment
Popular food customs
They are influenced by cultural values rather than by environmental features
Folk housing
Housing in folk cultures depend on the environment, the resources as well as religious values and customary beliefs (an example would be Laos, they all sleep with their heads opposing each other)
3 major hearths of folk house forms in the US (Identified by Fred Kniffen)
- New England house type: box shaped with a central hall, area settled primarily by migrants from New England
- The I house: Middle Atlantic migrants, westward towards Ohio valley
- Lower Chesapeake / Tidewater: one story, steep roof and two chimneys, around the southeast coast
Watching TV is important to pop culture because of these two reasons
- Most popular leisure activity
- Most important mode of diffusion for pop culture
Freedom on the Net
Project made by a US-based research institute that basically collected data from 65 countries to see which ones had a high level Internet and digital freedom
3 types of Internet content that are censored in other countries
- Political content that expresses views in opposition to those of the current government or that is related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights, and religious movements
- Social content related to sexuality, gambling and illegal drugs and alcohol
- Security content related to armed conflicts, border disputes, separatist movements and militant groups
The Golden Shield Project (The Great Firewall of China)
The combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically.
Cultural convergence
When two or more cultures influence each other and become similar with increased contact
Cultural divergence
The phenomenon where distinct cultures evolve and separate over time, taking different paths in terms of beliefs and values.
Environmental impacts of pop culture
- Pollution of the landscape
- Depletion of scarce natural resources
- Crowding-out of locally owned businesses
Bostan
A traditional communal vegetable garden located in Turkey and Lebanon
Occupation and income
2 major influences on clothing styles in MDCs
Note 
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