APHG Unit IV - Key Terms

Study flashcards for Unit IV

Alternative fact

A statement that can be proven to be false

Cultural homogenization

The process of reduction in cultural diversity through the diffusion of popular culture

Custom

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Cyber espionage

The unauthorized and clandestine deployment of a virus to observe or destroy data in the computer systems of government agencies and large corporations

Fake news

A false report disseminated under the guise of an authentic news report, created to maliciously spread misinformation and mislead consumers of the content

Folk culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

Franchise

An agreement between a corporation and businesspeople to market that corporation’s products in a local area

Habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual

Malware

Hostile or intrusive software designed to cause intentional harm

Popular culture

Culture found in a large, heterogenous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristic

Ransomware

A form of malware that encrypts the victim’s files, making them inaccessible, until a ransom is paid to decrypt them

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

Terroir

The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes

Trolling

The practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in social media in order to provoke quarrels or otherwise agitate people

much smaller

The region covered by a folk culture is typically ____ _______ than that covered by a popular culture.

Popular culture

_______ _______ is based on rapid simultaneous global connections through communication systems, transportation networks and other modern technology.

Folk

____ cultures have anonymous hearths, originates from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators, have multiple hearths, originating in isolated places

Popular

_______ culture is typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular space, it is most often a product from MDCs

Diffusion of folk culture

Transmitted from place to place on a smaller scale through relocation diffusion

Diffusion of pop culture

Typically spreads from hierarchal diffusion, from the hearths or nodes of innovation, through the help of modern communication

not uniform

The distribution of popular culture around the world is ___ _______.

Folk songs

Tell a story or convey information about life-cycle events such as birth, death and marriage, or environmental features, such as agriculture and climate

Popular music

Written by a specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to or performed in front of a large number of people

Tin Pan Alley

To provide songs for music halls and vaudeville, a music industry was developed in a district of New York that became known as ___ ___ _____.

Folk culture: Origin of soccer

Originated from England during the 11th century. After the Danish invasion someone found a Danish head and decided to kick it around. Two villages would play this game and whoever kicked the ball to the center of the opposing village, wins.

Popular culture: Diffusion of soccer

Started to diffuse around the 19th centuries through Europe, British colonies and then to other countries. They later created the Football Association in 1863 to establish set rules. The name came from Assoc which then evolved to soccer.

Olympic sports

For a sport to be included in the Olympics, it has to be played in at least 75 countries in the world

Regionally distinctive sports

- Cricket: popular primary in the UK and former British colonies

- Ice hockey: popular in colder climates such as Canada, northern US, northern Europe and Russia

- Baseball: it was once confined to the US and the Caribbean but it also became popular in Japan

Popular clothing

Reflects occupation and income

Folk food customs

Heavily embedded in the environment

Popular food customs

They are influenced by cultural values rather than by environmental features

Folk housing

Housing in folk cultures depend on the environment, the resources as well as religious values and customary beliefs (an example would be Laos, they all sleep with their heads opposing each other)

3 major hearths of folk house forms in the US (Identified by Fred Kniffen)

- New England house type: box shaped with a central hall, area settled primarily by migrants from New England

- The I house: Middle Atlantic migrants, westward towards Ohio valley

- Lower Chesapeake / Tidewater: one story, steep roof and two chimneys, around the southeast coast

Watching TV is important to pop culture because of these two reasons

- Most popular leisure activity

- Most important mode of diffusion for pop culture

Freedom on the Net

Project made by a US-based research institute that basically collected data from 65 countries to see which ones had a high level Internet and digital freedom

3 types of Internet content that are censored in other countries

- Political content that expresses views in opposition to those of the current government or that is related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights, and religious movements

- Social content related to sexuality, gambling and illegal drugs and alcohol

- Security content related to armed conflicts, border disputes, separatist movements and militant groups

The Golden Shield Project (The Great Firewall of China)

The combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically.

Cultural convergence

When two or more cultures influence each other and become similar with increased contact

Cultural divergence

The phenomenon where distinct cultures evolve and separate over time, taking different paths in terms of beliefs and values.

Environmental impacts of pop culture

- Pollution of the landscape

- Depletion of scarce natural resources

- Crowding-out of locally owned businesses

Bostan

A traditional communal vegetable garden located in Turkey and Lebanon

Occupation and income

2 major influences on clothing styles in MDCs