Overview of English Grammar, Science, and Math Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in English grammar, science (muscular and skeletal systems, cell division), and basic math, including definitions and characteristics of terms mentioned in your notes.

What is a noun?

A word that names something such as a person, place, thing, or idea.

What is a common noun?

A noun that refers to people or things in general, like 'boy' or 'city'.

What is a proper noun?

A name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, such as 'Steven' or 'London'.

What is a concrete noun?

A noun that refers to things that exist physically and can be seen or touched.

What is an abstract noun?

A noun that refers to ideas, qualities, or conditions which cannot be seen or touched.

What are collective nouns?

Nouns that refer to groups of people or things, like 'team' or 'audience'.

How are collective nouns treated in American English?

Most collective nouns are treated as singular.

What is a pronoun?

A type of word that replaces a noun.

What are personal pronouns?

Words that refer to people, such as 'I', 'we', 'you', 'he', 'she', and 'they'.

What are demonstrative pronouns?

Words such as 'this', 'these', 'that', and 'those'.

What are relative pronouns?

Words such as 'who', 'which', and 'that'.

What are indefinite pronouns?

Words such as 'each', 'all', 'everyone', and 'somebody'.

What are interrogative pronouns?

Words such as 'who', 'which', and 'what' used to ask questions.

What is a verb?

A word that shows an action, occurrence, or state of being.

What is a transitive verb?

A verb that requires an object to complete its meaning.

What is an intransitive verb?

A verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning.

What is a synonym?

A word that means exactly or nearly the same as another word.

What is an antonym?

A word that has the opposite meaning of another word.

What is the main function of the muscular system?

To allow movement in the body.

What are the five major parts of the muscular system?

Skeletal Muscles, Smooth Muscles, Actin, Irritability, Brain and Spinal Cord.

What are the three main types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth muscle.

What is the skeletal system?

The support structure for the body, providing shape and protection for organs.

How many bones does a newborn have?

270 bones.

How many bones does an adult have?

206 bones.

What is the axial skeleton?

The central core unit of the skeletal system, consisting of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

What is a joint?

The location where two bones meet.

What is osteoarthritis?

The most common type of joint disease, known as 'wear-and-tear' arthritis.

What is miosis?

Excessive constriction of the pupil, less than 2mm in diameter.

What is meiosis?

A process where a single cell divides twice to produce four sex cells with half the original genetic information.

What is mitosis?

The division of body cells that produces two identical nuclei.

What are the steps of mitosis?

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.

What are compound chemicals?

Chemical substances composed of molecules from more than one element.

What causes earthquakes?

They happen when two blocks of earth suddenly slip past one another.

What are the main types of earthquakes?

Tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes.

What is the least common denominator (LCD)?

The smallest number that can be a common denominator for a set of fractions.

What is a simple fraction?

A fraction where both the numerator and denominator are integers.

What is a proper fraction?

A fraction where the numerator is less than the denominator.

What is algebra?

A branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and the rules for manipulating them.

What are the laws of algebra?

Commutative, associative, and distributive laws.

What is the sum of angles in a triangle?

The sum of all angles in a triangle equals 180 degrees.

What is an isosceles triangle?

A triangle that has two angles of the same size.

What is a right-angled triangle?

A triangle with one angle measuring 90 degrees.

What are the six types of angles?

Acute angle, obtuse angle, right angle, straight angle, reflex angle, and full rotation.

How do you find the angle of a triangle?

Subtract the two known angles from 180 degrees.

What is skeletal muscle?

Muscle that is attached to bones and responsible for movement.