Criminology Theory Final Exam

In Marxist theory, the term “bourgeoisie” refers to:

those who own and control the means of production

According to Marxist theory, the control of the political state and manipulation of the legal system by the capitalist class to protect its own interests and perpetuate its position of power will change only when:

the masses become organized, overthrow the government, and replace capitalism with socialism

Left realists charge that Marxist criminologists romanticize ordinary street crime and ignore the pain and suffering it causes.

True

Constitutive criminology draws attention to:

the language we use to construct the conceptual categories of “crime,” “criminal,” and “crime control” and the meanings we attach to them

Which of the following is usually included as a type of critical criminology?

All Of The Above

Moffitt asserted that at least some of the differences between life-course persistent and adolescence-limited delinquents are biologically or genetically based.

True

Research has shown consistently that criminal activity in general peaks in

adolescence

In the Developmental Pathways Model, an individual will be on one distinct pathway for his entire life.

False

Which type of offenders exhibit changes in criminal activity over time, with an onset of delinquency occurring in early adolescence and desistance from delinquency occurring as the adolescent matures into young adulthood?

adolescent-limited offenders

Those individuals who do not experience “turning points’ are less likely to persist in offending.

False

The research that links women’s physical and sexual victimization in childhood with criminal behavior in adulthood characterizes which of the following explanations of crime among women?

the gendered pathways approach

Research indicates that as women’s participation in the labor force has increased, there have been dramatic increases in female involvement in white-collar, occupationally related crimes.

False

Feminist theory proposes that patriarchal dominance in society is as important as racial and class dominance in explaining the law and criminal justice decisions.

True

Power-control theory proposes that:

patriarchal family structures produce large gender differences in delinquent behavior

In the Elliott and associates research testing a model of delinquency integrating strain, bonding, and social learning, it was found that variables taken from bonding theory were the best predictors of delinquency.

False

Akers proposes an integration of social control and social learning models that is built around:

conceptual commonalities

Akers and Sellers argue that if two theories make conflicting predictions about criminal or delinquent behavior, they cannot be fully integrated.

True

Krohn’s network analysis focuses on what feature(s) of the social networks to which individuals are linked?

multiplexity and density

The goal of theory integration is to identify commonalities across theories and synthesize them in a way that is superior to any of the theories included in the integration.

True

To Marxist theorists, the primary purpose of imprisonment is to:

siphon off the surplus labor that the capitalist economy cannot absorb

In the movie The Hunger Games, examples of illegal domestic surveillance via GPS tracking devices in contestant arms, human rights violations, and violence such as the bombing of district 12 are examples of what kinds of crime according to Quinney (1980) and Ross (2003)?

Crimes of the government/ state

Left realists have focused much of their attention on:

advocating for community policing, victim restitution, and other criminal justice system reforms

Emerging in the 1990s and related to critical and radical theories, green criminology examines environmental harm and crime and has used the following theories to explain these harms and crimes:

All of the following

According to Braithwaite, what association is one of the facts that any criminological theory must fit?

the relationship between age and crime

The __________ is best characterized by an early onset of stubborn, defiant, and disobedient behavior primarily often targeted toward both parents and teachers.

authority conflict developmental pathway

Terri Moffit’s Life course theory (i.e., adolescent limited versus life-course persistent) is an example of.

Cross-Discipline Integration

Krohn’s Social Network Theory is an integrated theory that attempted to integrate _________theory with ___________theory by incorporating ideas within a social network approach.

Social Bonding, Social Learning