Exam 1 - Basics

What plane separates the brain into top and bottom?

dorsal plane

What plane separates the brain into left and right?

sagittal plane

What plane separates the brain into front in back?

transverse plane

What is the central nervous system composed of?

brain and spinal cord

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

nerves, nerve-to-muscle junctions, and skeletal muscle

What are the different parts of the autonomic nervous system?

parasympathetic, sympathetic, and smooth muscles

What are the lobes of the cerebrum.cortex?

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and piriform

What part of the brain does motor function?

frontal

What part of the brain is in charge of senstation?

parietal

What part of the brain is in charge of vision?

occipital

What part of the brain is in charge of hearing?

temporal

What part of the brain is in charge of smell?

piriform

What are the parts of the brainstem?

midbrain, pons, medulla

How many cervical vertebrae do dogs have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do cats have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do oxen have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do sheep have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do goats have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do swine have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do camelids have?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do birds have?

8-25

What species has the most cervical veteribrae?

birds

How many thoracic vertebrae do dogs have?

13

How many thoracic vertebrae do cats have?

13

How many thoracic vertebrae do horses have?

18

How many thoracic vertebrae do oxen have?

13

How many thoracic vertebrae do sheep have?

13

How many thoracic vertebrae dogoats have?

13

How many thoracic vertebrae do swine have?

14-15

How many thoracic vertebrae do camelids have?

12

How many thoracic vertebrae do birds have?

7 (4 fuse to form notarium)

What animal has the highest number of thoracic veterbrae?

horse

How many lumbar vertebrae do dogs have?

7

How many lumbar vertebrae do cats have?

7

How many lumbar vertebrae do horses have?

6

How many lumbar vertebrae do sheep have?

6-7

How many lumbar vertebrae do goats have?

6-7

How many lumbar vertebrae do swine have?

6-7

How many lumbar vertebrae do camelids have?

7

How many lumbar vertebrae do birds have?

synsacrum

How many sacral vertebrae do dogs have?

3

How many sacral vertebrae do cats have?

3

How many sacral vertebrae do horses have?

5

How many sacral vertebrae do ox have?

5

How many sacral vertebrae do sheep have?

4

How many sacral vertebrae do goats have?

5

How many sacral vertebrae do swine have?

4

How many sacral vertebrae do camelids have?

4

How many sacral vertebrae do birds have?

synsacrum

How many caudal vertebrae do dogs have?

20+

How many caudal vertebrae do cats have?

20+

How many caudal vertebrae do horses have?

20

How many caudal vertebrae do oxen have?

18-20

How many caudal vertebrae do sheep have?

16-18

How many caudal vertebrae do goats have?

16-18

How many caudal vertebrae do swine have?

20-23

How many caudal vertebrae do camelids have?

13-15

How many caudal vertebrae do birds have?

5-6

What are the functional divisions of the spine?

C1-C5, C6-T2, T3-L3, L4-S3

What do functional divisions refer to?

spinal cord segments

Where is the upper motor neurons located?

Brain

What does the upper motor neurons talk to?

LMN

Where is the lower motor neuron?

in spinal cord

What does the lower motor neuron talk to?

muscles

What signals are the sensory inputs?

afferent

What signals go to the brain?

afferent

What signals leave the brain?

efferent

What signals are the motor output?

efferent

What is the neuronal cell body of the peripheral nervous system that uses afferent signals?

ganglion

What is the neuronal cell body of the central nervous system that uses efferent signals?

nucleus

What muscles do the somatic efferent signals talk to?

skeletal

What muscles do the somatic autonomic signals talk to?

smooth

What is a group of neuronal cell bodies/neurons in the central nervous system?

nucleus

What is a group of neuronal cell bodies/neurons in the PNS?

ganglion

What is the group of neuronal cell processes that travel together for a common purpose in the CNS called?

tract or lemiscus

What is the group of neuronal cell processes that travel together for a common purpose in the CNS called?

nerve.

What part of the is 1? [afferent]

sensory/afferent nerve

What is 2? [afferent]

dorsal root ganglion

What is 3? [afferent]

tract/lemniscus

What is 1?

UMN

What is 2?

LMN

What is 3?

nerve

What is 4?

tract

What is 2?

LMN

What is 3?

Nerve

What is 4?

tract

What is the term for somethings on the same side?

lpsilateral

What is the term for something that is on opposite sides?

contralateral

What is the term for the crossing to the contralateral side?

decussate