OAP - CONJUNCTIVA

conjunctivitis

This is the inflammation or infection that occurs in the conjunctiva.

CONJUNCTIVA

Thin, translucent mucous membrane that runs from the limbus over the anterior sclera

CONJUNCTIVA

Forms a cul-de-sac at the superior and inferior fornices

CONJUNCTIVA

Turns anteriorly to line the eyelids (posterior surface of the eyelids)

CONJUNCTIVA

This ensures smooth movement of the eyelids over the globe

PALPEBRAL/TARSAL, BULBAR, CONJUNCTIVAL FORNIX

Three sections of the conjunctiva

PALPEBRAL/TARSAL CONJUNCTIVA

Tissue lining the eyelids

Orbital Conjunctiva, Marginal Conjunctiva

2 parts of PALPEBRAL/TARSAL CONJUNCTIVA

BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA

Covers the sclera

BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA

This is translucent¸ allowing the sclera to show through

BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA

Colorless except when its blood vessels are engorged

BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA

Loosely adherent to the underlying tissue

CONJUNCTIVAL FORNIX

Cul-de-sac connecting palpebral and bulbar sections

LIMBUS

Location of stem cells for bulbar conjunctiva

LIMBUS

This is the dark boundary between the sclera and the cornea

LIMBUS

This is where most of nerve cells and blood vessels are present

limbus

when you have the cornea neovascularization, the blood vessels will pop out from the ____.

MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION

Site of stem cells for palpebral conjunctiva

Stem cells

is the one that is responsible for the

regeration

fascial extensions of the levator, tarsal, EOM

Conjunctiva forming the fornices is attached loosely to the ______, ____ and ____ providing coordination of conjunctival movement with movement of the globe and lids

FORNICES

are present superiorly, inferiorly, and laterally easing movement of the globe without creating undue stretching of the conjunctiva

FORNICES

This is the one in the cornea so if there is movement, this is the one that gets strained. That is why this should be loosely attached, it will flex or adjust instead of tearing.

LATERAL FORNIX

is the deepest and extends posterior to the equator of the globe

Stratified Epithelial Layer, Submucosa

Histological features, two layers of bulbar conjunctiva

Stratified Squamous Conjunctival Epithelium

At the limbus the ___________ is continuous with the corneal epithelium

GLYCOCALYX

Surface of the superficial conjunctival cells and their microvilli and microplicae are covered with a _______ similar to that of the corneal surface

MELANIN GRANULES

often are found in the cytoplasm of conjunctival epithelial cells

MELANIN GRANULES

Prevalent in individuals with heavily pigmented cells

GOBLET CELLS,

produce the mucous component of the tear film are also located in the epithelium

SUBSURFACE VESICLES

______ may be an additional source of mucous material

SUBSURFACE VESICLES

Found below the outer membrane of the superficial conjunctival cell

CONJUNCTIVAL SUBMUCOSA

Stromal layer composed of vascularized loose connective tissue containing the same components as in palpebral conjunctival stroma

PLICA SEMILUNARIS

Crescent-shaped fold of conjunctiva located at the Medial Canthus

PLICA SEMILUNARIS

Epithelium is 8-10 cells thick and contains numerous goblet cells

PLICA SEMILUNARIS

Stroma is highly vascularized, containing smooth muscle and adipose tissue

PLICA SEMILUNARIS

Function is to allow full lateral movement of the eye without tissue stretching

lacrimal puncta

where the tears drain into the nose.

CARUNCLE

Mound of tissue that overlies the medial edge of the plica semilunaris

CARUNCLE

Contains nonkeratinized epithelium and accessory lacrimal glands, but it also has skin elements (HAIR FOLLICLES; SEBACEOUS; SWEAT GLANDS)

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

are a likely source for the occasional

accumulation of matter in the medial canthus of the healthy eye.

palpebral arcades

Palpebral Conjunctiva receives its blood supply from the _____

posterior network

Vessels from the ____ ______ supply both upper and lower lids

peripheral arcades

Fornices are supplied by branches from the ______ _______ then branch again and enter the bulbar conjunctiva forming a plexus of vessels, the posterior conjunctival arteries

Conjunctival veins

parallel the arteries but are more numerous

palpebral, ophthalmic

Conjunctival veins drain into the ____ and ____ veins

CONJUNCTIVAL LYMPATHICS

Arranged in superficial and deep networks within the submucosa

CONJUNCTIVAL LYMPATHICS

Vessels drain into the lymphatics of the eyelids

parotid lymph node

Vessels drain into the lymphatics of the eyelids

From the lateral aspect empty into the ___ ____ _____

o From the medial aspect empty into the submandibular lymph

submandibular lymph

Vessels drain into the lymphatics of the eyelids

o From the lateral aspect empty into the parotid lymph node

o From the medial aspect empty into the ____ _______

Lymphatics

filter out the bacteria or dead cells that may cause infection to the eye.

long ciliary nerves

Sensory Innervation Of The Bulbar Conjunctiva is through the ___ ____ _____

frontal and lacrimal branches of the ophthalmic nerve

Sensory Innervation Of The Superior Palpebral Conjunctiva is provided by the _______

lacrimal nerve and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve

Innervation Of The Inferior Palpebral Conjunctiva is provided by the ________

TRIGEMINAL NERVE

All sensory information is carried in the ____ ____

bacterial, viral invasion, allergic reaction

Common causative agents of conjunctivitis are ____ or ____ _____ and ____ ______

Bacterial conjunctivitis

This requires warm compress and if it lasts for more than 3 days, prescribe an antibiotic.

Viral conjunctivitis

This is self-limiting so it will usually take for 5-6 days. Just utilize cold compress. Do not touch it because it will be inflamed thus leading to becoming a bacterial conjunctivitis.

Allergic conjunctivitis

This may because of the season or

triggered by certain allergies

CHEMOSIS

Conjunctival edema where fluids often accumulate in the loose stromal tissue

inflammation, irritation

Dilation and engorgement of the conjunctival blood vessels occur with _____ and ____

PINGUECULA

Opaque, slightly elevated mass of modified conjunctival tissue in the Interpalpebral Area (3 o’clock or 9 o’clock position)

PINGUECULA

Usually round or oval and yellowish

PINGUECULA

It is a yellowish path or bump and fatty deposit

PTERYGIUM

in pinguecula, advice the patient to manage it for it to NOT BECOME ______

PTERYGIUM

This is also known as the Surfer’s Eye

PTERYGIUM

This is a pinkish, triangular tissue growth on the cornea of the eye.

PTERYGIUM

Fibrovascular overgrowth of bulbar conjunctiva onto cornea and is usually progressive

PTERYGIUM

May be gray in appearance and its apex invades the cornea

BOWMAN’S LAYER

Sometimes pterygium can scar your cornea and it should be managed or taken care of because it might come back. IT MAY RECCUR, because it penetrates the ____ ______.

PTERYGIUM

This could only be healed using SURGGICAL REMOVAL