Unit 1 AP World Flashcards

Song Dynasty

1. Confucianism: education, filial peity, and women had no power→ footbinding

2. Imperial Bureaucracy: governmental entity that carries out the emperors demands: Civil Service Exam and Meritocracy 

Japan

adopted Chinese Culture + writing system

Buddhism over Shinto

Vietnam

independent politically leaders and tributary system towards China (kowtow) 

Elite members adopted Confucianism, Buddhism, Civil Exam, literary 

Women had higher social standing

Korea

independent political leaders

tributary relationship with China

similar service exam + womens role 

Buddhism

originated in South Asia 

4 Noble Truths

• life is suffering, with suffering comes desire, to stop suffering we stop desire, and the eightfold path (principles Buddhist follows) 

• Theravada Buddhism: to some people

• Mahayana Buddhism: to all 

• Tibet Buddhism: mystical practices 

Song Economy

commercialization + silk Roads

Grand Canal 

Paper money 

Iron + Steel production for tools and weapons 

Champa Rice 

Magnetic Compass + Junk Ships 

3 Major religions in Dar- Al - Islam

Islam, Christianity, and Judaism

Judaism: Jews, monothiestic, originated in ME, and first to influence others 

Christianity: established by Jesus (Jew) + Roman Empire adopted it 

Islam: founded by merchant Muhammed 

Abbasid Caliphate

Ethnically Arab

In power during the Golden Age—> lots of innovations 

Replaced the Umayad Caliphate with rebellions 

After Abbasid fell, new Turkic empires had risen

Seljuk Turks

Central Asia

brought in by Abbasid Caliphate as a military force to expand empire—> instead it claimed more political power 

Egypt Mamluks

Egypt

Ayyubid Sultanate had enslaved turkic warriors and since the sultan had died, they took over

Delhi Sultanate

South Asia

Muslims that ruled over Indian population 

Islam rulers had trouble imposing their culture on India so they became a minority religion 

Qitab Minar 

Islam Expansion

1. Military Expansion—> Example of Delhi Sultanate 

2. Merchant Activity—> trade and traveling like the Empire of Mali became fully Islamic 

3. Muslim Missionaries—> Sufism: form of muslim mystic practices 

Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi

invented trigonometry + mathematics

astronomy 

House of Wisdome: Baghdad—> scholars came to study religion and preserved Greek literature by translating it into Arabic—> led to Renaissance Era 

South Asia

dominant religion: Hinduism—> polythiestic + reincarnation 

unified people through the caste system 

Buddhism also originated here and was more attractive to the lower caste because it rejected the caste system 

Islam—> Delhi Sultanate: Turkic Muslime empire that came to South Asia and took power/control —> became religion of the elite

Southeast Asia

mainly practices Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam 

very diverse 

Buddhism became more exclusive to monks 

Bhakti Movement

movement that had rejected social class, deity was chosen and worshipped, spiritual equality

Kingdoms in South Asia

Rajput Kindgoms: collection of Hindu Kingdoms

Vijayanagara Kingdoms: created by people from Delhi Sultanate who came to spread Delhi Sultanate in the South but instead started this kingdom 

Sea-Based States

Srivijaya Empire

• mainly Buddhist but lots of Hindu influence 

• had the strait of Malaka which made them very wealthy and power and put taxes 

Majapahit Kingdom 

• originally Hindu Kingdom 

• tributary system among states 

Land-Based States

Sinhala Dynasties

• Buddhist state (Sri Lanka) 

• had power all on the land 

Khmer Empire

• found as a Hindu Empire 

• prosperous state—> built large temple

• but later converted to Buddhism and syncretized the religions

Maya Civilization

huge urban centers

sophistacated writing 

mathematices (0) 

decentralized city states—> tributary states

human sacrifice—> sun god needed human blood 

Aztec Civilization

Mexica People had migrated from the South and created the Aztec Civilization 

they had a lot of power because of the alliance with other states 

decentralized—> tributary system (payment of food or animals) 

human sacrifice 

Tenochitlan: nice commercialized city 

Andean Civilizations 

around Andean Mountains 

Wari Empire: Inca borrowed culture and practices from this civilization 

Inca Empire

centralized power + bureaucracy

Mit’a system: labor of all people for state projects(debt

North American Civilizations

Mississippi Culture:

Mississippi River Valley

first large scale civilization + fertile soil for agriculture 

powerful chiefs called the Great Sun

hierarchical society 

mounds built which were used for religious ceremonies and burial sites (Cahokia) 

Chaco + Maso Verde:

store water because it was very dry in the area, and built massive structures with sandstone

Swahili Civilization 

Sub-Saharan Africa 

independent city states 

had access to Indian Ocean trade which allowed for wealthiness 

focused on trading 

Islam dominant religion—> merchants—> connected the economy to Dar-Al-Islam 

hierarchical—> merchants above commoners

no large political unifying force

Great Zimbabwe

Built large structures of walls—> seat of power (capital city)

Access to Indian Ocean trade—> exported gold and butter—> benefitted economy 

Hausa Kingdoms

Central Africa

city states that were politically independent

gained power + wealth through the trans-Saharan trade 

adopted Islam to organize + facilitate trade with Dar Al Islam

Ethiopia 

Christian 

massive stone churches 

grew wealthy through trade (salt) 

centralized power—> king at top, stratified class after 

Christianity

became the official religion after Rome fell (Constantine) 

Byzantine Side: Eastern Orthodox—> centralizing 

Roman Catholic Christianity was the only unifying force on West side after it fell

Byzantine Empire fell from Ottoman Empire—> Istanbul 

Kievan Rus (russia) kept eastern orthodox christianity alive today—> borrowed from Byzantine Empire 

Church at the top of the pyramid

Crusades

Roman Catholic warrors going to fight Muslimes and lost very badly (Holy Wars) 

Islam + Judaism wwere still a minority religion (Peninsula) 

Jews lived on the edge

Political Decentralization (Europe)

No large empires in Europe —> decentralization

Feudalism: system of allegiances between lords, monarchs, and knights

• land was exchanged in order to keep loyalty

• Greater kings/lords gained from lesser

Manorial System: peasants were bound to the land in order for protection for them→ serfs

Change: Monarchs started to appear and centralize—> 100 day war with France and England