Articulation and Phonology Final

Phonotactics

Allowable sound combinations in a given language

Coarticulation

Influence sounds exert on other sounds

Sensory information

Auditory, tactile, and visual acuity and processing feedback loops

Suprasegmentals

Stress, intonation, loudness, pitch, rate, vocal punctuation

The alveoli include which of the following

1. Are at adult levels for a child ages 7-8

2. Where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Psycholinguistic

Input and output of utterances in real time; perception, storage, planning, and production

Nonlinear Phonology

Sound elements: word tier, foot tier, weak and strong syllables, onset-rime, skeletal form (C-V), sound segment and where it is produced

Sonority

Phonemes are assigned a number value related to sound; voiceless stops = 7 and vowels are the most sonorous = 0

Natural Phonology

Stampe: Phonological processes (e.g. fronting, backing, cluster reduction)

Generative

Noam Chomsky: Underlying representation into a surface from a language specific rule

Behaviorist

B. F. Skinner: Positive or negative, reinforcement or punishment

True or False: Intelligibility is how well a person is understood by known, less familiar, an unfamiliar communication partners

True

True or False: Less than half of children have /ɹ/ distortions or substitutions

False

75% of children at age ____ are intelligible with a range from 54% to 80%

3

In the toddler years, greater respiratory control results in the opportunity for _______________

increased utterances

In infancy you can see a distinct ____________________ motion in the chest

see-saw

Which SODA is represented in the sentence: Hewo. I wud hoping to twy a yeyi bean

Substitutions

True or False: Refer to the English and Spanish developmental charts on the power point slides. There are just as many vowels in English as there are in Spanish

False

Identify the example of the manner of sound production: Fricative

/z/

Some children will have an idiosyncratic phonological acquisition style. What does idiosyncratic mean

A nontraditional developmental, unique, or novel way of producing sounds

True or False: A closed glottis with sufficient sub-glottal pressure results in crying

True

An example of a diphthong vowel is represented in which one of the following

/eɪ/

True or False: Refer to the developmental charts and lecture for English and Spanish on the power point slides. Stop consonants are earlier developing sounds in English

True

True or False: Refer to the developmental charts and lecture for English and Spanish on the power point slides. Researchers in speech sound development yield similar but different results for when sounds emerge

True

The /ɹ/ sound has many ways it may be produced in error. It can be substituted for another sound like /w/ or /l/. It can be omitted or left out like many other sounds. It can also be produced in a way that is close to an /ɹ/ sound but not quite. In this case we call it which one of the following

Distortion

First words are typically represented as which of the following

1. monosyllabic

2. salience

3. stops and nasals

4. mid-front low vowels

5. social function

Identify the example of the manner of sound production: Nasal

/ŋ/

An example of a monophthong vowel is represented in which one of the following

/æ/

True or False: Two primary and secondary function of the newborn larynx and vocal tract include life support and vocal sounds

True

Phonation and Respiration: In general, the infant oral and laryngeal area is represented in which two of the following

1. Narrow cricoid and trachea

2. Sits below the chin level C1

In addition to an enlarged tongue in infancy, the _______ pad will disappear in the toddler stage which can be used as a physical sign of development

sucking

Intelligibility influences perceived _____________

competency

Jargon

consonants and vowels that sound like words, phrases, and sentences

Canonical: Nonreduplicated

babbling using different syllables /daba/

Cooing

vowel like productions

Reflexive or vegitative

coughing with voice, laughing, crying

Canonical: Reduplicated

babbling using the same syllable /baba/

Which SODA is represented in this sentence: I ike u

Omission

Affricate

/ʧ/

Glide

/w/

Liquid

/l/

True or False: Contoid sounds are vowels and vocoid sounds are consonants

False

True or False: An example of a typical preschool child articulation error can be a stop or a fricative that may be replaced with voiced and unvoiced "th."

True

Phonation and Respiration: In general, the infant oral and laryngeal area is represented in which two of the following

1. Soft

2. Enlarged tongue in proportion to the infant's mouth

By the time a child is 7-8 years of age _______-like breathing patterns are established

adult

The anatomical structures including those directly related to voice in an infant change _____________

rapidly in the first year

True or False: Refer to the English and Spanish developmental charts on the power point slides. The phonemes /r, s, l/ should be fully developed in most children by age 5

False

True or False: Perceived competency is a result of how well someone expresses themselves through a variety of communication modalities

False

Phonetic

Sounds are used in that language or dialect

Motor

Plan and execute the motor sequence

Working memory

The combination of automatic and purposeful acts of cognition, motor processing, and audition (and Dr. Mayne adds in visual processing)

Phonologic

The sound rule system based on the language and dialect employed and processes that are typical or atypical for a given language or dialect

Auditory

Acoustic signal and the processing of auditory information

Syntax and semantics

Word order of vocabulary in a given language

Cognitive

Accessing memory, thinking about what you know, engaging in reasoning and problem solving, active attention

Identify the example of the manner of sound production: Stop

/p/

The oral and ____________ cavities are for sucking and swallowing

laryngeal

Consistent with Apraxia of Speech

1. Language therapy alone does not improve intelligibility

2. Good communicative intent

3. Significant gap between receptive and expressive language abilities

4. Words may not be said the same way each time

Not Consistent with Apraxia of Speech

1. Language therapy significantly improves intelligibility

2. Poor communicative intent

3. Expressive language abilities are commensurate with receptive language abilities

4. Same sound errors are made each time

Select the four correct general observations you may se in childhood apraxia of speech

1. Reduced evidence of early babbling

2. Significant issues with sequencing and blending sounds

3. The longer the connected speech production the greater the errors

4. Issues with consistently producing a sounds and often words in the same way with a performance that may change day to day

True or False: This treatment set represents targeting /l/ across level of production: like, lot, call, yell, yellow, pillar

False

True or False: This treatment set represents targeting /l/ across level of production: /l/, like, I like, I like you

True

True or False: The three basic steps in minimal pair intervention are 1) familiarization of the stimulus, 2) listen and pick up the named stimulus, and 3) verbally produce the minimal pairs in a reverse teacher-client (or student) format

True

Agents of change, or those who influence the remediation of a target, for a client include __________

1.SLP

2. SLPA

3. Teacher

4. Parent

5. Other interventionists

How many exemplars (or stimulus) are recommended for a minimal pairs treatment set

3-5

What does the phrase "reduce homonymity" mean

Say two different words using the required sounds that differentiate them

In minimal pairs, adding the perception-production steps allows the child ______________

to learn to hear the difference between two words to aid in awareness to improve production

Does parental follow through matter in the SSD intervention process?

Yes

When might you add the perception production step to a minimal pair intervention approach?

When the child is struggling with reducing homonymity and cannot hear the difference between words

True or False: It is generally okay to start perception-production training in a child under the age of 3

False

True or False: An example of a minimal pair treatment set: /t/, tea, team, my team, my team won

False

True or False: An example of a treatment set across word position: cat-hat; cat-cot; cat-cap

True

A minimal pair means two words are changed by ____ phoneme.

1

True or False: The multiple opposition and minimal opposition approaches are the same.

False

True or False: A multiple opposition treatment set contains a number of minimal pairs.

True

True or False: A multiple opposition approach is used when there are many (4-6) sounds that are collapsed into one sound

True

True or False: A treatment set for multiple oppositions looks like this: t: top, tip, tap, ten, tape

False

True or False: A treatment set for multiple oppositions looks like this: tap-rap; tap-cap; tap-whap; tap-zap

True

Selecting words that are meaningful to the child and building consistency in production but not necessarily reaching remediation of sounds is targeted in which approach

core vocabulary

The goal of the core vocabulary approach is to do which one of the following?

Build consistency of productions

The traditional intervention that uses "listen, watch, do" as its model.

Integral stimulation

In addition to working across level of production, targeting prosody, groping, and multisyllabic words is targeted in this intervention.

Apraxia

CV, VC, CVC, CVCV are examples of ______________.

word shapes

Which is the correct definition of articulation?

Formation of clear and distinct sounds

The sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations is what?

Phonology

Evidence-based practice (EBP) contains which 3 parts?

Client preference, research, clinician expertise

What are the middle 8 sounds?

/t/ "ng" /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ "ch" "j"

True or False: Intelligibility is defined as how comprehensible speech is to a listener

True

Which is NOT true about electropalatography?

is only used for sounds in isolation

True or False: English is a tonal language

False

Allowable sound combinations in a given language is

Phonotactics

Diacritic markings help us with

Phonotactic variations

Coarticulation

The influence sounds exert onto other sounds

3 Components for measurable goal writing

Client need, criterion, mastery

True or False: Prosody includes intonation, stress pattern, loudness variations, and rhythm

True

Behavior modification is a building block of therapy that entails what three stimuli response?

Positive, negative, and schedule of reinforcement

True or False: Prompts, direct modeling, expansion, recast, and target-specific feedback are a few of the key teaching strategies

True

True or False: Session design is a building block of therapy that is the organization and implementation of therapy.

15

True

True or False: Self-monitoring refers to the child's awareness of their own speech production.

True

Which is the typical order of prelinguistic sounds?

Reflexive, cooing, canonical, jargon