KP222/HN220 Human Physiology - Week 10: Respiratory-3

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to human physiology, specifically the respiratory system.

Spirometer

A device used to measure respiratory volumes and air flows.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The amount of air taken in during inhalation, approximately 500 mL.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Maximum air inspired at the end of a normal inspiration, approximately 3000 mL.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Maximum air expired at the end of a normal expiration, approximately 1000 mL.

Residual Volume (RV)

Air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation, approximately 1200 mL.

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Maximum amount of air that can be inspired at the end of expiration, equals Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume.

Vital Capacity (VC)

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation; equals Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Volume of air in the lungs at the end of maximum inspiration; total of all lung volumes.

Hyperventilation

Increased respiratory rate and volume without an increase in metabolism.

Hypoventilation

Decreased respiratory rate/volume, leading to diminished alveolar ventilation.

Alveolar Ventilation (VA)

The movement of air into and out of the alveoli; calculated as breathing rate x (Tidal Volume - Dead Space).

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Each gas in a mixture contributes to its total pressure in proportion to its number of molecules.

Henry's Law

States that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

Gas Exchange

The process where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.

Minute Ventilation (VE)

Total amount of air inhaled/exhaled in one minute; calculated as respiratory rate x Tidal Volume.