Integumentary System, Human Body Systems, Chapter 4, VI

4 functions of skin

protection, sensing, Vitamin D making, temp regulation

2 ways skin regulates temperature

sweat glands, blood flow

what happened when skin is flushed

increased blood flow and heat loss

what happens when skin is pallid

less blood flow, decreased heat loss

How is Vitamin D synthesized in body

in skin with cholesterol and sunlight

What does calciferol do

help absorb calcium in Small intestine

opening of skin into interior of body

mouth nostrils, vaginal, anus, urethral

strata

layer

keratin

hardening protien

keratinocytes

produce keratin

What strata are keratinocytes found

corneum

What cells are in the bassale or germinativum

melanocytes

external pressures on hand

calluses

external pressures on feet

corns

common term for friction ridges

fingerprints

2 functions of friction ridges

grasping and traction

what type of connective tissue makes up dermis

dense fibrous CT, irregular

papillary folds

it helps the layers of the skin to grasp to each other, interdigitate

interdigitate

to interlock

subcutaneous

adipose tissue, or fat llayer

hypodermis

subcutaneous layer

What does subcutaneous tissue attach the skin to

to underlying tissues

3 types of hair

lanugo, down, terminal

lanugo

baby hair

down hair

light colored hair for kids

terminal/adult hair

thicker darker hair

When does terminal hair appear

puberty

Where are the sebaceous glands located

near the hair folicle

What muscle causes goosebumps

visceral muscle

2 things that cause a piloerection

cold, frightened

different glands in integumentary

sebaceous, Sudoriferous, Scent, Ceruminous, mammary

function of sebaceous

to keep the skin pliable

medical term for oil

sebum

where are sebaceous glands

everywhere except palm and soles

what causes secretion of oil

stimulated by sex hormones

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands to keep skin cool

Where are sweat glands not located

lips, ears, nipples

What is sweat made up of

water, NaCl, urea

where are sweat glands located

everywhere except lips, ears, nipples

Ceruminous glands

wax glands

Where are wax glands located

outer ear ( external auditory meatus)

What are areolar glands located

on the areola, around the nipples

What is the function of areolar glands

to lubricate the nipple during nursing

colostrum

secreted after childbirth

What is breast milk made of

lactose, fat, Ca, antibodies

When does breast milk come in

after you give birth to the placenta

Why are there no blood vessels in epidermis

it is epithelial and avascular

Medical term for bruises

ecchymosis

3 types of sensory nerve fibers in skin

Thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Noxireceptors

innervate

provide/supply to

What protein makes up the nail

keratin

6 viral infections of skin

smallpox, chickenpox, measles (Rubeola), German Measles(Rubella), cold sores, fever blisters, warts

What does patho mean

disease

treatment for most viral infections

immunization with inactivated virus

3 examples of skin bacterial infections

pimples/boils, acne, chancre

What are pimples and boils

associated with Staph infections

Treatment of bacterial infections

antibiotics

4 fungal infections of the skin

Athlete’s foot, ringworm, crotch eczema, vaginal yeast infections

What are allergies

hypersensitivity to an innocuous agent

What does innocuous mean

harmless

How do you treat allergic reactions

antihistamines

what are moles

pigmented elevation of skin

What is keratosis

brownish, warty groups

bedsores

red sores that form over bedridden patients because of less blood circulation

Albinism

A body that either does not produce, or does not have melanin work for them

jaundice

yellowing of the skin caused by hyper-bilirubinemia

keloids

connective tissue that was made from scarring, scar tissue

3 types of burns

epidermis, interdermin, complete

What level of skin do first degree burns affect

epidermis

What level of skin do second degree burns affect

epidermis and dermis

What level of skin do third degree burns affect

all layers

What are the rules of nines used for

To measure the degree of burns