PSYC 110; Chapter 6: Learning

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/32

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

33 Terms

1
New cards

Learning

a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience

2
New cards

Habituation

the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus

3
New cards

Classical conditioning

a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that repin

4
New cards

Neutral stimulus

a stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest

5
New cards

Unconditioned stimulus

naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned

6
New cards

Unconditioned response

natural and needs no training

7
New cards

Conditioned stimulus

a once-neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

8
New cards

Conditioned response

a response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus

9
New cards

Extinction

a basic learning phenomenon that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and disappears

10
New cards

Spontaneous recovery

the reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning

11
New cards

Stimulus generalization

a process in which after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response

12
New cards

Stimulus discrimination

the process that occurs if 2 stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another

13
New cards

Operant conditioning

learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on the response’s favorable or unfavorable consequences

14
New cards

Reinforcement

the process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated

15
New cards

Reinforcer

any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again

16
New cards

Primary reinforcer

satisfies some biological need and works naturally, regardless of previous experience

17
New cards

Secondary reinforcer

becomes reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcer

18
New cards

Positive reinforcer

a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response

19
New cards

Negative reinforcer

an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated

20
New cards

Punishment

a stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again

21
New cards

Positive punishment

weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus

22
New cards

Negative punishment

weakens a response through the removal of something pleasant

23
New cards

Schedule of reinforcement

the pattern of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired behavior

24
New cards

Continuous reinforcement schedule

reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs

25
New cards

Partial reinforcement schedule

reinforcing of a behavior some but not all of the time

26
New cards

Fixed-ratio schedule

reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

27
New cards

Variable-ratio schedule

reinforcement occurs after an average number of responses, but the reinforcement schedule is unpredictable

28
New cards

Stimulus control training

behavior reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus, but not in its absence

29
New cards

Discriminative stimulus

signals the likelihood that reinforcement will follow a response

30
New cards

Shaping

the process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

31
New cards

Behavior modification

a technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones

32
New cards

Cognitive learning theory

an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning

33
New cards

Latent learning

learning in which a new behavior is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it