Beals NT2 Final Exam (Exam 3)

List 4 reasons why Paul probably didn't write Hebrews

Hebrews 2:3 vs. Galatians 1:12

Paul identifies himself in every other letter

Timothy is released from prison, which doesn't fit Paul's timeline.

Several church fathers and reformers didn't believe Paul wrote it.

Was the church in Hebrews Jewish or Gentilic? What is the evidence of this?

Probably Jewish, because the author uses extensively from the OT and the Jewish sacrificial system.

Theme of Hebrews

Jesus is Better

Purposes of Hebrews

Warning - To keep them from drifting (ch. 2), from unbelief (ch. 3), and from dullness of hearing (ch. 5).

Encouragement - To encourage them to persevere in the faith (ch. 10)

Instruction - To understand the supremacy and importance of Christ.

Interpretive challenges of Hebrews.

What does it mean that God speaks through his Son?

Word of exhortation - Hebrews is probably a written sermon.

In what ways is Jesus better, according to Hebrews? (There's a lot. Just name some).

Better name

Better things

Better hope

Better covenant

Better promises

Better sacrifices

Better possession

Better country

Better resurrection

Better provision

Key contribution of Hebrews

Christ's Great High Priesthood

Focus of Hebrews 1:1-4

Christ as the Last Prophet

Focus of Hebrews 1:5-4:13

Christ's Kingship

Focus of Hebrews 4:14-10:18

Christ as High Priest

Focus of Hebrews 10:19-13:25

Our Response to Christ

Which James wrote the book of James?

The brother of Jesus

Audience of James

What was happening to the audience?

Jewish believers who were scattered throughout the empire

They were suffering for their faith in Christ - going through trials.

Theme of James

Mature & Active Faith

According to James, maturity is seen in what?

Faithful living.

Purposes of James to the book's audience

Instruct them - to deal with difficulties in their lives as a means of growth.

Encourage them - to persevere in their trials and to look to the Lord's coming

Exhort them - to confront them in their immaturity and call them to live mature, faithful lives.

Two main sections of the book of James (as found on the pg. 159 outline)

1:1-18 - The building of faith and maturity

1:19-5:20 - The demonstration of faith and maturity

According to James, testing and trials produces what?

Maturity

Name a few of James' characteristics of the mature person.

He...

Obeys the word

is not partial

demonstrates faith and works

controls the tongue

exhibits true wisdom

displays humility

is prayerful

Three sections of Hebrews (according to the pg. 152 outline).

1:1-4:13 - Superiority of Christ's Person

4:14-10:18 - Superiority of Christ's Ministry

10:19-13:25 - Sanctification in light of Christ

To whom is 1 & 2 Peter addressed?

To aliens scattered throughout Northern Turkey

Place of writing of 1 & 2 Peter

Most likely Rome

Theme of 1 Peter

Salvation, Sanctification, and Suffering

KEY theme of 1 Peter

Suffering

Three main sections of 1 Peter (according to the pg. 166 outline).

1:1-12 - Hope

1:13-3:12 - Holiness

3:13-5:14 - Humility

Date of writing of 2 Peter

66-67 AD

Theme of 2 Peter

Growing in Grace and Knowledge of Christ

Occasion of 2 Peter

Peter, at the end of his life, is writing to the churches to remind them of sound doctrine and to warn them of the dangers of heresy.

Purposes of 2 Peter

Warning - about false teaching & false teachers

Exhortation - to encourage them to grow in their knowledge of Christ

Who is the Jude who wrote Jude?

Probably the half-brother of Jesus (and full brother of James).

Key theme of 2 Peter? How many times is the word used?

Knowledge - 15 times.

Date of writing of Jude

68-70 AD

Place of writing of Jude

Most likely Jerusalem

Theme of Jude

Defend the Faith - "I felt the necessity to write to you appealing that you contend earnestly for the faith" (Jude 1:3).

Key phrase of Jude

Contend for the Faith

Occasion of Jude

Jude writes to address false teaching and encourage the believers to "contend for the faith."

Purposes of Jude

Warning - watch out for false teachers & false doctrine.

Exhortation - defend the faith and live holy lives that match the faith

Place of writing of 1 John

Most likely Ephesus - Western Turkey

The letter of 1 John was addressed to whom?

Multiple churches. It's a cyclical letter.

Most likely Gentiles with some Jewish believers

The church to whom 1 John is addressed had just experienced...?

...a church split, with some departing.

Date of writing of 1 John

90-95 AD

Theme of 1 John

Characteristics of God's Children

According to 1 John, "those who are connected to God are to...?

...reflect the characteristics of God."

Occasion of 1 John

John writes out of a deep concern for the spiritual welfare of these Christians who were battling a heresy that threatened the person and work of Christ.

According to 1 John, God's characteristics should be...

...reflected in His children.

The word for "Love" occurs how many times in 1 John?

51 Times

The word for "Knowledge" occurs how many times in 1 John?

41 Times

Define Gnosticism

It's derived from the term "knowledge" and deals with a "special knowledge."

It's the idea that material things are inherently evil and spiritual things are inherently good.

Two forms of Gnosticism

Docetism - To appear. Claims that Jesus' body was not real but only appeared that way.

Cerinthianism - Claims that Christ's spirit descended on the man Jesus at his baptism and ascended before his crucifixion. Therefore, Christ never suffered or died.

Gnosticism impacts which doctrines?

The doctrines of Redemption and Christ's substitutionary atonement.

2 John is addressed to whom?

To a local congregation that met in a woman's house (a house church).

Place of writing of 2 John.

Ephesus

Theme of 2 John

Grounded in Truth

3 John is addressed to whom?

A single person - Gaius.

Who was Gaius?

The recipient of 3 John. He helped true missionaries who were traveling. He was put out of the church by a proud leader.

Place of writing of 3 John

Ephesus

Theme of 3 John

the contrast between service and selfishness

Key difference between 2 & 3 John

2 John - Reject false teachers.

3 John - Accept true teachers.

Who were the recipients of Revelation?

Seven churches in the Western Turkey area around Ephesus.

Place of writing of Revelation?

Most likely Patmos

Theme of Revelations

The Consummation of All Things

Revelations is mainly a book of what?

Of prophecy. Future events to come.

Purpose of Revelation?

Hope - To give the church hope that God is in control and He will bring about the conclusion to what He has promised.

Holiness - To call the church to action, living lives of holiness in the present while waiting for the future restoration of all things.

4 Main Interpretive Systems of Revelation

Historicist - It's a history. A symbolic representation of church history.

Idealist - Spiritual view. Spiritual principles during the church age.

Prelerist - Most of Revelation is seen as having already happened during the 1st century. It's in the past.

Futurist - Most of Revelation is seen as prophetic & future - still to come.

Key verse for the structure of Revelation

Rev. 1:19. "Therefore write the things which you have seen, and the things which are, and the things which will take place after these things."

Focus of Revelations 1

PAST - Things which you have seen. Vision of Christ.

Focus of Revelations 2-3

PRESENT - Things which are. State of the 7 churches.

Focus of Revelations 4-22.

FUTURE - Things which will take place after these things. Future events to come.

Write out the outline to Revelation

https://imgur.com/FBi8igO

Note that this outline excludes Rev. 1:7-8, which appears at the top of the outline.

Memory Verse: Hebrews 1:1-3 (1st Line)

God, after He spoke long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, in these last days has spoken to us in His Son...

Memory Verse: Hebrews 2:17-18 (1st Line)

Therefore, He had to be made like His brethren in all things, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in things...

Memory Verse: Hebrews 7:25 (1st Line)

Therefore He is able also to save forever those who draw near to God through Him, since...

Memory Verse: James 1:21-22 (1st Line)

Therefore, putting aside all filthiness and all that remains of wickedness, in humility receive the word implanted...

Memory Verse: 1 Peter 3:15-16 (1st Line)

but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you...

Memory Verse: 2 Peter 3:17-18 (1st Line)

You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, be on your guard so that you are not carried away by the error of unprincipled men...

Memory Verse: 1 John 1:6-7 (1st Line)

If we say that we have fellowship with Him and yet walk in darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth; ...

Memory Verse: 1 John 3:1 (1st Line)

See how great a love the Father has bestowed on us, that we would be called children of God; and such we are.

Memory Verse: 1 John 4:11

Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another.

Memory Verse: Revelation 1:7-8 (1st Line)

BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes...

Memory Verse: Revelation 17:14 (1st Line)

These will wage war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings, ...