chemical bonding

what is a bond?

a pull that keeps atoms and ions stuck together.

what is the purpose of a bond?

to lower the system's potential energy and stabilize the atoms involved.

covalent bond

Two nonmetals share electrons, so their valence shells are full.

polar covalent bonds

Nonmetals share electrons unequally when electronegativities differ.

Ionic Bond

a bond that results from the transfer of electrons from a low electronegative atom to an electronegative atom

metallic bonds

bonds between metals with electrons that are distributed and shared equally among all atoms

octet

8 electrons in an atoms outer shell (before valence shell)

bonding and an octet

goal for ionic and covalent bonding is to gain an octet

s and p block…

always obey octet rule

octet rule

atoms gain, lose, share, electrons, to achieve stable configuration with 8 valence electrons.

metal=

ionic

non metal=

covalent

opposite charges…

hold ions together.

electronegativity

a atoms tendency to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond

shared electrons

valence electrons that are attracted to the nuclei of 2 or more atoms