Psych E2 Study Set 7

Secure Attachment

Attachment style where infants use the mother as a home base from which to explore when all is well, but seek physical comfort and consolation from her if frightened or threatened (Ainsworth)

Insecure Attachment

A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure, or return (Ainsworth)

Infantile Amnesia

The inability to remember events from early childhood

Piaget's stages of Development

1) Sensorimotor (0-2)

2) Preoperational (2-7)

3) Concrete Operational (7-12)

4 Formal Operational (12 and up)

Assimilation (developmental)

The process by which we place new info into existing schema

Accommodation (developmental)

The process by which we create new schema to include new information that wouldn't fit into other schema.

Sensorimotor Stage

The first stage in Piaget's theory. 0-2

• Infants acquire info about the world though their senses and motor skills. Reflexive responses develop into more deliberate actions through the development and refinement of schemas

Object Permanence

During Sensorimotor stage: The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen.

Preoperational Stage

2-7

• The second stage of Piaget's development in which children think symbolically about objects, but they reason based on intuition and superficial appearance rather than logic.

• Law of Conservation of Quantity

Law of Conservation of Quantity

In the preoperational state, children cannot understand the concept of conservation of quantity because they don't reason logically

Concrete operational Stage

• 7-12

• Beginning of logical thought of concrete stimuli. No longer fooled by appearances.

Formal Operational Stage

12-death

The final stage in which people can think abstractly and formulate ideas and test hypotheses through deductive reasoning.

Theory of Mind (ToM)

The term used to describe the ability to explain and predict another persons' behavior as a result of recognizing his or her mental state

Kohlbergs three stages of Moral Development

1) Preconventional

2) Conventional

3) Postconventional

Preconventional Stag of Moral development

Earliest level of moral development. Self-Interest and even outcomes determine what is moral

Conventional Stage of Moral Development

Middle Stage of Moral development. Strict adherence to societal rules and the approval of others determines morality

Postconventional Stage of Moral Development

Highest Stage of Moral development at which morality is informed by abstract values of life.

Hierarchical Linguistic Structures

1) Phonemes

2) Morphemes

3) Words

4) Phrases

5) Sentence.

Babies can babble syllables after how many months?

7-8 Months (Speech)

Babies have single word expressions after how many months?

1 year (Speech)

When do babies have Telegraphic Speech?

1.5-2 yrs (Speech)

• Express ideas in sentences that are missing words.

Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device

A hypothetical Neuro Structure that allows for Universal Grammar that allows all humans to lean any language.

Creole

A language that develops as a mixture of two developed langauges

Erikson's Stages of Development

1) 0-2: Trust v. Mistrust

2) 2-3: Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt

3) 4-6: Initiative v. Guilt

4) 7-12: Industry v. Inferiority

5) 13-19: Identity v. Role Confusion

6) 20-30: Intimacy v. Isolation

7) 30-60: Generatively v. Stagnations

8) 60-on: Integrity v. Despair

Gender Identity

Personal Beliefs about whether one is male or female. Occurs by age 2

Gender Roles

The characteristics assoc. with males and females because of cultural influence or learning.

Gender Schema

Cognitive Structures that reflect the perceived appropriateness of male and female characteristics and behaviors.