#3 European Religious Conflict

Indulgences

Buying a ticket to get into heaven

Martin Luther

A German Monk who believed heaven was reached by faith alone and lead religious reformation

Ninety-Five Thesis

The list Martin Luther made with the problems against the Catholic Church.

Catholic Beliefs

Faith, good works, Bible, Church, tradition, Latin mass, celibate priests, and Pope supremacy.

Lutheran Beliefs

Faith alone, bible alone, vernacular worship, no indulgences, and no pope.

Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

Calls for break w Rome and Germany and seize church property

Pope Leo X

Excommunicated Martin Luther and issues the Exsurge Domine (41 counterpoints)

Diet of Worms

Trial of Martin Luther lead by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

Frederick the Wise

Saxon ruler that protects Martin Luther and his ideas

Ulrich Zwingli

Against anything that isn’t in the Bible

Anabaptists

Only adults should be baptized, separation of church and state

Henry VIII

Ruler, religious scholar, wanted a male heir and had 6 wives, his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism

Catherine of Aragon

1st wife, 6 children, only Mary survives and is daughter to Ferdinand and Isabella

Anne Boleyn

Attempts to have baby with Henry and gets him to leave Catherine

Thomas Crammer

Archbishop of Canterbury, grants Henry’s annulment to divorce Catherine.

Act of Supremacy

Declares Henry the head of the church of England. Formally breaks ties with Rome.

Jane Seymour

Henry’s 3rd wife, mother to Edward, dies during childbirth

Edward VI

Henry’s only son, becomes king at age 9 who took England in a more Protestant direction during his short reign

Lady Jane Grey

Edward leaves her to be Queen in his will, lasts 9 days.

Mary I

Becomes queen of England and is married to Philip II of Spain, Super-Catholic, KILLED PROTESTANTS, or exiled them.

Elizabeth I

Becomes queen and restores Protestantism, executes Mary Queen of Scots (cousin)

Mary Queen of Scots

Execute by Elizabeth for being a Catholic threat

Institutes of the Christian Religion

A book by John Calvin: religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

Predestination

The idea that your faith has been chosen birth no matter what good or bad you have done

John Knox

Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland

Huguenots

They’re protestants from France

Council of Trent

All the regional leaders reaffirmed traditional Catholic Doctrine, orbade the sale of indulgences, Seminar training for Priests

Jesuits

Founded by Ignatus of Loyola, believed in self-sacrifice and obedience

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Thousands of French Huguenots and other Protestants killed at wedding of Henry of Navarre, lead by King Charles IX influenced by his mother

Edict of Nantes

Grants protestants religious freedom

Spanish Armada

130 ships, sent to invade England and restore Catholicism(loses)

Peace of Westphalia

Peace treaty that ends the 30-year war, rulers can choose which religion they want in their land

Malleus Maleficarum

Hammer of the witches, identifies what a witch was and how to kill them