APLAC Foundations Test

AP test format

1 multiple choice section, 1 free response section

1st section

multiple choice, 45 questions, 1 hr, 45% of score

2nd section

free response, 3 questions, 2hrs + 15 mins, 55% of score

Rhetorical Situation triangle

Created by: Aristotle

context- circumstance/place

text- includes thesis + organization

3 points of the triangle:

subject- message, topic

reader- audience

writer- speaker

ethos

credibility of author

logos

author uses logic to appeal to the audience (comparison, cause/effect, exemplification)

pathos

author appeals to specific emotions (descriptions, imagery, personal anecdotes, diction)

HEAAMPT

historical context

exigence

author

audience

message

purpose

tone

mode of development

11

process analysis

problem solution

analysis

argument

cause effect

compare contrast

classification

definition

description

exemplification

narration

euphemusimm

substituting a mild r less offensive thing

aphorism

universal sayings and proverbs

paradox

a statement that can be true and false at the same time

RAP Sheet

Bat, then HEAAMPT, then breaks, then function, then effect

rhetoric

the art of using language effectively and persuasively

DIDDLS

diction, imagery, details, language, syntax

metonymy

word exchanged for another closely associated with it

oxymoron

2 contradicting words

appositives

syntactical tool - a noun phrase that comes after another noun phrase

polysyndeton

syntactical tool - using same conjunction repeatedly

periodic

makes sense fully only when the end of the sentence is reached

anaphora

words, sounds, and ideas used more than once for emphasis/rhythm

parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

active vs passive voice

Active Voice: subject performs the action. (Jazmin wrote flashcards)

Passive Voice: subject has an action performed on it by someone/thing (The flashcards were written by Jazmin)

inductive reasoning

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.

deductive reasoning

reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)

rhetorical precis structure

four sentence paragraph in MLA style

1. identify genre, author, thesis

2. mode of development

3. tone(s)

4. author's purpose