Cell Structure and Function

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components of the cell, membrane transport mechanisms, the cell cycle, and primary tissue types.

Cell

The basic Structural and functional unit of life.

Nucleus

Control center containing $DNA$.

Cytoplasm

Contains the cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.

Plasma Membrane

Selectively permeable membrane that regulates the movement of substances.

Nuclear Membrane

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus.

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes.

Chromatin

$DNA$-protein complex that forms chromosomes.

Microvilli

Increase surface area for absorption.

Tight Junctions

Prevent leakage between cells.

Desmosomes

Hold cells together.

Gap Junctions

Allow communication between cells.

Cytosol

Fluid where metabolic reactions occur.

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis.

Rough ER

Produces proteins.

Smooth ER

Produces lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, packages, and transports proteins.

Lysosomes

Digest waste materials.

Peroxisomes

Detoxify harmful substances.

Mitochondria

Produce $ATP$.

Cytoskeleton

A Network of protein fibers that gives the cell supports, shape, and movement.

Microfilaments

Cell movement and shape.

Intermediate Filaments

Mechanical strength.

Microtubules

Intracellular transport and spindle formation.

Cilia

Short projections that move materials across cell surfaces.

Flagellum

longer projection that propels the entire cell.

Passive Transport

Movement without $ATP$.

Active Transport

Movement using $ATP$.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane.

Endocytosis

Movement of materials into the cell.

Exocytosis

Movement of materials out of the cell.

Interphase

The longest stage of the cell cycle.

$G_1$ Phase

Cell growth.

$S$ Phase

$DNA$ replication.

$G_2$ Phase

Preparation for mitosis.

Mitosis

Division of the nucleus producing two genetically identical cells.

Prophase

chromosomes condense and centromeres moves to poles.

Metaphase

chromosomes align at the cell center.

Anaphase

sister chromatids separate toward poles.

Telophase

Two nuclei form/ nuclei reform and cleavage begins.

Epithelial Tissue

Protection, secretion, and absorption.

Connective Tissue

Support and binding.

Muscle Tissue

Produces movement.

Nervous Tissue

impulse conduction.