mitosis & cytokinesis

Mitosis

Separates the newly replicated DNA into two new daughter cells

Prophase

chromosomes condense, nuclear breakdown, formation of mitotic spindle

Prometaphase

chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle

Metaphase

chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate

Anaphase

sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles

Telophase

cell divides creating two daughter cells and nucleus reforms

Parental cell

the cell that will divide into two daughter cells

Daughter cell

the newly formed cells

Cohesin

forms a ring around the two sister chromatids to keep them together until anaphase

Centrosome

microtubule organization center for the mitotic spindle, where the mitotic spindle comes from

Centriole

cylinders composed of microtubules that are inside of the centrosome

Chromosome

condensed strands of DNA

Monad

one DNA molecule, singular chromosome

Dyad

two DNA molecules, two sister chromatids

siter chromatids

two identical monad chromosomes joined by a cohesin ring around the centromere.

Centromere

a constriction in the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

Mitotic spindle

reorganized micro tubules that attach to chromosomes at the centromere

Aster microtubules

anchor the poles to the cell perifery

Kinetochore microtubules

attach to the chromosomes

Interpolar microtubules

interact with microtubules from opposite poles

Kientochore

large complex of proteins that assembles on the centromere of each chromosome

Metaphase plate

the equilateral plane in a cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase

Anaphase promoting complex (APC)

a ubiquitin ligase that adds ubiquitin to securin, destroying it then activating seperase, also udiquinatates cyclin to allow exit of cell cycle

Securin

protein bound to seperase keeping it inactive

Seperase

enzyme that cleaves cohesins

Cytokinesis

the process of dividing the cytoplasm

Cell plate

where plant cells build a new cell wall