C2.2

Metals and non

metals both react with oxygen

If the metal oxide dissolves in water

the metal oxide will produce an alkaline solution.

The properties of metals are

Good conductor of electricity and heat, Malleable, ductile, possess metallic luster and solid at room temperature.

Non metals are on the

right side of the periodic table

Metals and Non metals react with oxygen to form an..

oxide

What happens when a non metal oxide is dissolved in water

it will produce an acidic solution.

The properties of non metals are

Bad conductors, brittle, non ductile, they don’t possess metallic luster and are any state at room temperature

Electrons orbit

the nucleus in shells

Different shells hold

a different number of electrons

Shell 1 holds

2 electrons

Shell 2 holds

8 electrons

Shell 3 holds

8 electrons

Shell 4 holds

18 electrons

You can use the periodic table to

help you work out the electronic structure.

The group tells you

how many electrons there are in the outer shell

the period tells you

how many shells there are.

An ion is

a charged atom

What is oxidation.

When a metal loses electrons to become a positive ion

The number of protons and neutrons

doesn’t change when forming an ion.

An atom will

gain or lose electrons to have a full outer shell.

An ionic bond is

a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

When a metal reacts with a non metal

electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non metal atom so both achieve more stable electronic structures, with full outer shells.

Ionic bonding is shown

using a dot and cross diagram

Ionic compounds have

high melting points and boiling points.

Ionic compounds form

a giant ionic lattice

When ionic compounds are solids

they can’t conduct electricity

When ionic compounds are molten or dissolved

they ions are free to move, so they can conduct electricity.

A covalent bond is

where two non metal atoms share a pair of electrons, so that they both have a full outer shell.

A covalent bond is

strong.

In between the molecules there are

weak intermolecular forces which don’t need much energy to overcome, meaning they have a low melting and boiling point.

The larger the molecule

the stronger those forces are and therefore the higher the melting/boiling points are.