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Metals and non
metals both react with oxygen
If the metal oxide dissolves in water
the metal oxide will produce an alkaline solution.
The properties of metals are
Good conductor of electricity and heat, Malleable, ductile, possess metallic luster and solid at room temperature.
Non metals are on the
right side of the periodic table
Metals and Non metals react with oxygen to form an..
oxide
What happens when a non metal oxide is dissolved in water
it will produce an acidic solution.
The properties of non metals are
Bad conductors, brittle, non ductile, they don’t possess metallic luster and are any state at room temperature
Electrons orbit
the nucleus in shells
Different shells hold
a different number of electrons
Shell 1 holds
2 electrons
Shell 2 holds
8 electrons
Shell 3 holds
8 electrons
Shell 4 holds
18 electrons
You can use the periodic table to
help you work out the electronic structure.
The group tells you
how many electrons there are in the outer shell
the period tells you
how many shells there are.
An ion is
a charged atom
What is oxidation.
When a metal loses electrons to become a positive ion
The number of protons and neutrons
doesn’t change when forming an ion.
An atom will
gain or lose electrons to have a full outer shell.
An ionic bond is
a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
When a metal reacts with a non metal
electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non metal atom so both achieve more stable electronic structures, with full outer shells.
Ionic bonding is shown
using a dot and cross diagram
Ionic compounds have
high melting points and boiling points.
Ionic compounds form
a giant ionic lattice
When ionic compounds are solids
they can’t conduct electricity
When ionic compounds are molten or dissolved
they ions are free to move, so they can conduct electricity.
A covalent bond is
where two non metal atoms share a pair of electrons, so that they both have a full outer shell.
A covalent bond is
strong.
In between the molecules there are
weak intermolecular forces which don’t need much energy to overcome, meaning they have a low melting and boiling point.
The larger the molecule
the stronger those forces are and therefore the higher the melting/boiling points are.
Note
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