Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines

Franciscan Friar Juan Clemente

Opened a medical dispensary in Intramuros for the indigent.

San Lazaro Hospital

Former medical dispensary established by Juan Clemente, now a hospital.

Smallpox Vaccination

Introduced by Francisco de Balmis in 1805.

Medicos Titulares

First certified doctors appointed in 1876 by the Spanish government.

Cirujanos Ministrantes

Graduates of 2-year medical courses, served as male nurses and sanitation inspectors.

United States Philippine Commission

Established Act 157, creating the Board of Health of Philippine Islands.

Fajardo Act of 1912

Created Sanitary Divisions with physician presidents.

Philippine General Hospital

Began extending public health nursing services in homes in 1915.

La Gota de Leche

First center dedicated to serving mothers and babies by Asociacion Femenista Filipina in 1905.

Commonwealth Act No. 430

Established the Department of Public Health and Welfare under the Philippine government.

Rural Health Unit

Established by R.A. 1082 in 1954, creating posts for Municipal Health Officers.

Barangay Health Station

Branch of RHU with midwives and health workers, no dentists.

Primary Level of Care

Focuses on health promotion and disease prevention, provided at Rural Health Centers.

Secondary Level of Care

Offers moderate specialized care for illnesses, provided at district hospitals.

Tertiary Level of Care

Provides highly specialized care for complex health issues.

Millennium Development Goals

Adopted in 2000, focusing on 8 goals including poverty and health.

Universal Health Care Act

Enrolls all Filipino citizens in the National Health Insurance Program for comprehensive health services.

Demographic

Relates to population statistics like gender distribution and age groups.

Life Expectancy

Average lifespan, higher for females in the Philippines.

Natality

Statistics related to births, including mother's age and attendance.

Morbidity

Incidence of sickness, including leading causes like TB and Dengue fever.

Mortality

Incidence of death, including statistics by age group and causes.

Notifiable Diseases

Includes confirmed cases and deaths of diseases like Dengue and Polio.

Coronavirus Disease 2019

Infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus, declared a pandemic by WHO in 2020.

Community

A group of people with common characteristics living in a specific area, targeted for health interventions.

Health

Defined by WHO as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Optimum Level of Functioning (OLOF)

Modern definition of health beyond absence of disease

Determinants of Health

Factors influencing health like environment, income, and behavior

Social Support Networks

Connections aiding in health maintenance and sustainability

Public Health

Government's core effort to enhance citizen welfare and health

Winslow

Advocated for disease prevention, health promotion, and life extension

WHO

Applies science in political context to improve public health

DOST

Conducts research on health issues like tuberculosis

Public Health Nursing

Service available to all, focusing on government care for the poor

Community Health Nursing

Professional nursing service promoting health and preventing illness

Jacobson

Broader nursing practice beyond Public Health Nursing

Concept of Community Health Nursing

Focuses on health promotion, long-term care, and diverse healthcare

Principle of Community Health Nursing

Emphasizes health teaching, community resource utilization, and accurate reporting

The Public Health Nurses

Qualified professionals with people skills and leadership qualities

Functions of PHN

Involves nursing care, coordination, collaboration, and research activities

Home Visits

Regular visits or referrals to ensure health promotion and disease prevention

Disease Surveillance

Continuous collection and analysis of data of cases and deaths to measure the magnitude of a problem and the effect of programs to improve strategies.

Training Needs Assessment (TNA)

Process of identifying the training needs of staff to design and conduct training programs effectively.

Health Education

Part of basic health services involving the daily dissemination of health information and advocacy for better health choices.

Supervisory Function

Involves supervising midwives and auxiliary health workers, formulating supervisory plans, conducting visits, and addressing issues or problems.

Management Function

Involves organizing nursing services, implementing service plans, and performing five key functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Public Health Nursing Level II

Frontline health worker who is the first contact for patients, assists physicians, provides health education, and organizes community health activities.

Public Health Nursing Level III

Acts as a nurse in charge, supervises and guides other nurses, interprets policies, and participates in planning health programs.

Primary Level of Health Care

Basic level of health care provided at Rural Health Units, Barangay Health Stations, Puericulture Centers, and other community-based facilities.

Secondary Level of Health Care

Involves facilities like Emergency Hospitals, District Hospitals, and Provincial Hospitals with moderately specialized equipment and capabilities for minor surgeries.

Tertiary Level of Health Care

Includes Regional medical services, National health services, and specialized hospitals with highly skilled personnel and advanced diagnostic services for complex diseases.

Philippine Health Care Delivery System

The system of providing health services to Filipinos across the country, divided into private and public sectors with decentralized health care delivery.

General Hospitals

Provide medical, surgical, and maternity care with clinical services like medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, surgery, anesthesia, emergency services, and outpatient care.

Ambulatory Surgical Clinic

Facility for minor surgeries on outpatients

Dialysis Clinic

Specialized facility for renal dialysis treatment

Teaching Hospital

Hospital with accredited residency programs in major specialties

Level 1

Basic clinical services for inpatients

Level 2

Includes consulting specialists in major clinical services

Level 3

Departmentalized clinical services with teaching programs

Respiratory Unit

Specialized unit for respiratory care

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit

Specialized unit for physical therapy and rehab

Isolation Facilities

Facilities for isolating patients with contagious diseases

General ICU

Intensive care unit for critical patients

High-Risk Pregnancy Unit

Specialized unit for managing high-risk pregnancies

NICU

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for newborns

Ancillary Services

Supporting services like clinical laboratories and blood banks

Blood Station

Facility for collecting and storing blood products

X-ray Levels

Different levels of radiological imaging services

Pharmacy

Dispensing medications and pharmaceutical services

Specialty Hospital

Hospital focused on specific diseases, organs, or patient groups

Category A Facility

Primary care facility without inpatient services

Category B Facility

Custodial care facility for long-term nursing care

Category C Facility

Diagnostic or therapeutic facility like labs or radiology centers

Category D Facility

Specialized outpatient facility for specific treatments

Trauma-Capable Facility

DOH licensed hospital designated for trauma care 24/7

Trauma-Receiving Facility

Hospital receiving trauma patients for transfer to trauma centers

Department of Health (DOH)

Principal health agency in the Philippines for public health services

Provincial Government

Administration of provincial or district hospitals

Municipal or City Government

Responsible for primary healthcare services at health centers

Alma Ata Declaration

Health as a fundamental right, global health inequalities, importance of economic development.

Global Burden

Existence of health inequalities worldwide.

Economic Development

Crucial for achieving full health for all.

Responsibility

Government's duty for people's health.

Letter Of Instruction 949

Legal basis for primary health care by Ferdinand Marcos.

Primary Health Care

Accessible, practical health methods for all.

Public Health Care

Essential, socially acceptable health methods.

Accessibility

Healthcare reachable within 30 mins for centers, 1 hr for hospitals.

Universal Goal

Health for all by 2000, not achieved.

LOI Theme

Health in the Hands of the people by 2020.

Education for Health

Health awareness through education.

EPI - NIP

National Immunization Program for endemic diseases.

MCH

Maternal and Child Health services.

Essential Drugs

Free essential medications.

Nutrition

Free vitamins and iron supplements.

Safe Water

Access to clean water.

Key Principle: Accessibility

Healthcare reachable within 30 mins.

Key Principle: Affordability

Healthcare without financial burden.

Key Principle: Acceptability

Healthcare respecting cultural norms.

Key Principle: Availability

Healthcare with necessary resources.

Multi-Sectoral Approach

Collaboration across various sectors for healthcare.