Exercise Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards about Exercise Physiology

What is Aerobic Exercise?

Long-distance running, swimming; prolonged but at lower intensity.

What is Anaerobic Exercise?

Sprinting, weight-lifting; short duration, great intensity.

What are the two broadly distinct types of muscle fibres?

Slow-twitch and fast-twitch.

What is myoglobin's role in oxygen dissociation?

Has a higher affinity for oxygen and promotes diffusion of oxygen throughout the muscle fibre.

What type of exercise is Type 1 (Slow Twitch) muscle fiber used for?

Long-distance running, swimming; prolonged and lower intensity exercise.

What type of exercise is Type 2 (Fast Twitch) muscle fiber used for?

Sprinting, weight-lifting: short duration, great intensity.

What is the energy source for the Creatine Phosphate metabolic process?

Creatine phosphate.

What is the energy source for the Glycolysis metabolic process?

Glucose.

What is the energy source for the Aerobic Respiration metabolic process?

Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids.

Why does cardiac output increase during light exercise?

A rise in venous return (Frank-Starling Law), atrial stretching, sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate.

How does stroke volume respond to progressively increasing dynamic exercise?

Increases to maximum around 50% of maximal exercise (VO2max) then plateaus.

How does maximal heart rate change with age?

Decreases by 5 to 7 bpm per decade.

What happens to systolic and diastolic blood pressure during dynamic exercise?

Systolic pressure goes up; diastolic pressure remains stable.

What causes vasodilation in active muscles during exercise?

Metabolic and neurological changes produce vasodilation in active muscles.

How can myocardial oxygen uptake (MVO2) be reasonably estimated?

The product of HR and systolic BP (rate-pressure product).

What does the amount of oxygen utilized (VO2) depend on?

Amount of physical work performed.

What factors influence VO2max?

Age, gender, exercise habits, heredity, and health.

What is the relationship between cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR)?

Q = SV x HR.

What is VO2max?

Highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and used by the body during maximal exercise.

What causes the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to shift down and to the right (Bohr effect)?

Increases in acidity, CO2 and temperature.

How does exercise impact oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production?

Exercise increases oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by working muscles.

Explain cardiovascular and respiratory responses to exercise mediated by the sympathetic system

As CO2 increases, sympathetic nervous system is activated.

What is a simple rule about hormonal changes during exercise of significant intensity?

All hormones rise over time, except insulin.

List adaptations to aerobic exercise with training in Muscle

Muscle capillary density, myoglobin content, activity of enzymes (oxidative pathways), oxidative capacity, numbers of mitochondria all increase. Lactate production decreases.

List adaptations to aerobic exercise with training in Cardiovascular

VO2max and endurance increase. Resting HR and BP decrease. Stroke volume, blood volume, and HB content increase.

How does training affect oxygen uptake?

The oxygen deficit is smaller, and consumes more oxygen during activity with a proportionally smaller anaerobic component.

What did Lance Armstrong use as doping?

EPO, blood transfusions, corticosteroids, testosterone

What are the results by Anaerobic – Strength Training?

Improvement of motor units recruitment + muscle hypertrophy