Endocrine System NCLEX Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering the hormones, sources, and functions of the endocrine system including the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads based on the NCLEX Study Guide.

What is the source and main function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

ACTH is produced by the Anterior Pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.

What is another name for Growth Hormone (GH) and what are its primary functions?

Growth Hormone is also known as Somatotropin; it is secreted by the Anterior Pituitary to stimulate body growth, protein synthesis, and metabolism.

What hormone from the Anterior Pituitary stimulates the thyroid gland to release $T_3$ and $T_4$?

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also known as Thyrotropin.

What are the roles of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

Produced by the Anterior Pituitary, FSH stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and sperm production, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production.

What is the source and function of Prolactin (PRL)?

PRL (Lactogenic Hormone) is produced by the Anterior Pituitary and promotes breast development and milk production.

Which hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary and what are their functions?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or Vasopressin) increases water reabsorption in the kidneys and raises blood pressure; Oxytocin (OT) stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection.

What are the full names and functions of $T_3$ and $T_4$?

$T_3$ (Triiodothyronine) and $T_4$ (Thyroxine or Tetraiodothyronine) are produced by the Thyroid to increase metabolic rate, growth, and development.

How does Calcitonin (CT) affect blood calcium levels?

Produced by the Thyroid, Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by promoting calcium deposition in bone.

What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

Also called Parathormone, it raises blood calcium by acting on the bone, kidneys, and intestines.

What are the hormones of the Adrenal Medulla and their primary actions?

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) initiates the fight-or-flight response, and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.

What are the main functions of Aldosterone and Cortisol produced by the Adrenal Cortex?

Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption while decreasing potassium; Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) raises blood glucose and suppresses inflammation during stress.

Distinguish between the functions of Insulin and Glucagon.

Insulin (from Pancreatic Beta Cells) lowers blood glucose by moving it into cells; Glucagon (from Pancreatic Alpha Cells) raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

What is the function of Somatostatin produced by Pancreatic Delta Cells?

It inhibits insulin, glucagon, and digestive secretions.

What are the reproductive functions of Estrogen (Estradiol) and Progesterone?

Estrogen develops female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics; Progesterone maintains pregnancy and prepares the uterus for implantation.

What is the function of Inhibin?

Produced by the ovaries or testes, Inhibin inhibits FSH secretion.

According to the NCLEX Quick Memory Tips, what is the 'rule' for Aldosterone and Cortisol?

Aldosterone saves Salt & Water; Cortisol helps you Cope with stress.