Sem 1 Quiz 1 flashcards

Hyperplasia

Increased # of tissue

Hypotrophy

Underdeveloped tissue

Anaplasia

poor cellular differentiation, indicative of potential for cancer

Metaplasia

transformation of one differentiated cell to another cell type

Dysplasia

Think DYStance, different (abnormal) cell growth (than normal)

I-Cell Disease

• I looks like L = lysosomal enzyme poor labelling → lysosomes can’t break things down

• Build up of material in the cell

ZellWeger

• Oh Weller → fat = peroxisome problem

• hypotonia

• poor feeding

• decreased fetal movement

• high forehead

• large fontanelles (baby skull tape)

• hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

• abnormal liver

• elevated substances

Refsum

• EF = Phytanic acid breakdown trouble

• R = retinal and neurological problems due to phytanic acid accumulation

Adrenoleukodystrophy

• Long word = VLCFA accumulation = peroxisome problem

• ADRENO = adrenal cortex affected

• Nervous system affected

Kartagener

• KART = transport = microtubules → dynein/cilia problems

• trouble moving mucus from the respiratory tract

• trouble with immobile sperm → infertility

• Situs inversus

Marfan syndrome

• FAN! = FibrAliN 1 defect → super important elastic fiber that regulates TGF-b signaling

• Very tall - HIGH TGF-b

• Arachnoid fingers

• Pectus deformity

• Aortic disease

COPD/ Emphysema

• Smoking can cause inflammation & oxidative damage → destruction of elastin

• Destroyed aveolar wall + low elastic recoil

• Hyperinflated lungs

Menkes disease

• Geez no copper (copper deficiency) - collagen problem

• Low copper → Low lysyl oxidase → low collagen/elastin cross-linking = weak connective tissue

• Developmental delay

• Seizures

• Hypotonia

• Kinky/brittle hair

• low serum copper

Ehler-Danlos syndrome

• Damn he stretchy → abnormal collagen synthesis/ structure → connective tissue too stretchy/fragile

• hyperextensible skin

• joint mobility

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

• Type I collagen mutation → bone, skin, tendons

• Brittle Bones

Scurvy

• Vitamin C deficiency (no hydroxylation of proline & lysine)
  = weak collagen, poor connective tissue integrity

• bleeding gums

• poor wound healing

(-) ΔH & (+) ΔS

Favorable rxn at ALL Temps

(+) ΔH & (-) ΔS

Unfavorable rxn at ALL Temps

(-) ΔH & (-) ΔS

Favors Low Temps

(+) ΔH & (+) ΔS

Favors High Temps